Across
- 1. _____ pathways synthesize complex molecules consuming energy
- 4. the fourth stage of cellular respiration where NADH delivers electrons to the electron transport chain in the inner membrane of the mitochondria where ATP synthesis is powered by chemiosmosis
- 6. when the organic molecule (sugar) is oxidized and O2 is reduced in a step-wise manner
- 12. ____ inhibitors bind to another part of an enzyme and cause the enzyme to change shape, making the enzyme less effective
- 13. the process where glycolysis and other reactions regenerate NAD+ and produce ATP without the use of oxygen
- 17. a type of chemical reaction that transfers electrons between reactants (aka oxidation-reduction)
- 18. ____ fermentation is a type of fermentation where pyruvate is used to form lactate and NAD+ that both microbes and larger organizms can undergo
- 21. _____ processes have a -G, a net release of energy, increase entropy, involve breaking down a complex molecule, & are exergonic
- 22. total energy (H)
- 24. ____ reactions have higher energy products than reactants
- 28. energy _____ is the use of energy released from an exerginic process to drive an endergonic process
- 29. ____ fermentation is a type of fermentation where the products of glycolysis are used to create ethanol and NAD+ that only microorganisms can undergo
- 32. an exergonic process where energy is released from ATP when the terminal phosphate bond is hydrolyzed
- 35. when a substance loses electrons and there is a release of energy
- 37. a catalytic protein that speeds up a reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction
- 38. the sites of photosynthesis in plants within cells in the leaves
- 39. when a substance gains electrons and there is a gain of energy
- 40. a high energy electron carrier
- 41. the electron receptor in a redox reaction
- 42. a nonprotein enzyme helper such as a vitamin
- 43. the type of cell within the leaves of a plant where photosynthesis occurs
Down
- 2. an organism that can sustain itself without eating anything derived from other organisms
- 3. the partial degradation of sugars that occurs without O2
- 5. the part of a chloroplast that contains the photosynthetic photo-systems
- 7. the energy ____ phase is the first phase of glycolysis where glucose is split into two 3 carbon sugars and 2 molecules of G3P are created
- 8. the electron donor in a redox reaction
- 9. when an H+ proton gradient in the mitochondrial inner membrane is used to drive cellular work
- 10. the location within the chloroplast where the Calvin cycle occurs and sugar is stored
- 11. the second stage of cellular respiration when pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix, CO2 is released, and acetyl CoA and NADH are formed
- 14. ____ reactions have higher energy reactants than products
- 15. a sugar, nitrogenous base, and 3 phosphate groups
- 16. _____ processes have a +G, a net input of energy, decrease entropy, & are endergonic
- 18. the process in thylakoids that uses light energy and electrons from splitting H2O to drive the synthesis of ATP and NADPH
- 19. the energy ____ phase is the second phase of glycolysis where substrate-level phosphorylation occurs creating NADH, ATP, and pyruvate
- 20. the complete degradation of organic molecules consuming O2 and yielding the maximum amount of ATP
- 23. disorder or chaos (S)
- 25. the first stage of cellular respiration where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, creating 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate
- 26. the pores of a leaf where CO2 and O2 enter and exit
- 27. degradation of organic molecules consuming compounds other than O2
- 30. _____ pathways break down complex molecules to release energy
- 31. the process whereby a plant generates O2 and organic molecules used in cellular respiration which creates ATP that is used to power cellular work
- 33. an organism that must obtain its organic material from other organisms
- 34. the process in stroma that forms 1 sugar (G3P) from CO2 using ATP and NADPH after 3 cycles
- 36. the portion of energy that can do work when T and P are uniform (G)
- 38. ____ inhibitors bind to the active site of an enzyme and compete with the substrate
- 42. the third stage of cellular respiration beginning with acetyl CoA where 2 CO2 are released and NADH, ATP, and FADH2 are created