Biological Molecules

3. functions as storage of carbohydrates in mammals; found in liver and muscles of mammals
6. smallest unit of carbohydrate with formula C6H12O6; e.g. glucose (found in both plants and animal), fructose (found in plants), galactose (milk sugar)
7. used to make cell wall in plant cells to protect them from bursting or damage
13. water is required for chemical reactions such as _________ of food molecules [role of water in animals]
17. water allows for _________ of substances (e.g. in blood, in xylem, in phloem) [role of water in animals & plants]
18. organic molecules made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with formula CnH2nOn
19. fat is a _______ for fat-soluble vitamins
20. proteins are made of one or more polypeptide chains twisted, folded and coiled into a unique 3-__________ structure, held together by hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions and van der Waals interactions
22. water is a reactant for photosynthesis in plants [role of water in plants]
23. water provides physical support to the plant in the form of ______ ________ [role of water in plants]
25. fats stored as adipose tissue are also used as __________ material to prevent the loss of body heat
26. organic molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen and sometimes sulfur

1. two monosaccharides undergo ____________ reaction to form a disaccharides, with removal of a water molecule
2. water allows for __________ of body temperature through sweat [role of water in animals]
4. test for fats
5. fats are storage molecules that can store a large amount of energy (each gram of fat supplies the body with about 9 calories)
8. smallest unit of proteins
9. test for starch
10. disaccharides can be broken down to component monosaccharides by __________ reaction in which a water molecule is added
11. amino acids join together to form a polypeptide through condensation reaction with the removal of water molecules, forming _______ bond in between each amino acids
12. functions as storage of carbohydrates in plants; found in storage organs of plants, e.g. potato tubers
14. test for proteins
15. proteins are used as _______ (biological catalyst) to speed up chemical reactions
16. polymers formed when thousands of glucose molecules linked together in condensation reactions; e.g. glycogen, starch and cellulose
19. proteins are used in the _________ of new cells, for growth and repair of worn-up cells
21. made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with no fixed formula (the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is much higher than in carbohydrates)
24. test for reducing sugars (all monosaccharides and disaccharides except for sucrose)