Biology 1

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Across
  1. 3. Major inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces neuronal excitability. GABA
  2. 4. _____selection Process where traits that enhance survival are passed on. Natural
  3. 7. _____arc Pathway for reflex actions. Reflex
  4. 8. _____neurons Transmit commands from the CNS to muscles. Motor
  5. 9. Neurotransmitter affecting mood, sleep, and appetite. Serotonin
  6. 11. Controversial practice of improving genetic quality by selective breeding. Eugenics
  7. 12. _____sclerosis Disease where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath of neurons. Multiple
  8. 13. _____nervous system Promotes rest and digestion. Parasympathetic
  9. 18. Drugs that block or reduce neurotransmitter effects. Antagonists
  10. 20. _____cells Support and protect neurons. Glial
  11. 21. ____neurotransmitters Chemicals that prevent neurons from firing. Inhibitory
  12. 22. Controls involuntary bodily functions AKA The Autonomic nervous system. ANS
  13. 23. Minimum stimulus needed to trigger an action potential. Threshold
  14. 24. Hormone that stimulates appetite. Ghrelin
  15. 28. _____nervous system Activates fight-or-flight response. Sympathetic
  16. 29. _____transmission Process of sending signals between neurons. Neural
  17. 32. Brain and spinal cord. AKA The Central nervous system CNS
  18. 35. Genetic and biological factors influencing development. Nature
  19. 36. _____perspective How natural selection influences behavior and mental processes. Evolutionary
  20. 38. _____Drug that can act as a depressant, stimulant, or hallucinogen. Marijuana
  21. 41. Hormone that regulates hunger and energy balance. Leptin
  22. 42. _____Stimulant that increases dopamine levels. Cocaine
  23. 44. Reabsorption of neurotransmitters by the sending neuron. Reuptake
  24. 46. Neurotransmitters that act as natural painkillers and mood enhancers. Endorphins
  25. 48. _____potential Electrical impulse traveling down a neuron. Action
  26. 49. _____period Time after an action potential when a neuron can’t fire again. Refractory
  27. 50. _____predisposition Increased likelihood of developing a condition based on genetics. Genetic
  28. 51. Neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation, and motor control. Dopamine
  29. 52. _____Nerve cells transmitting information. Neurons
  30. 53. _____studies Research comparing adopted children to their biological and adoptive parents. Adoption
  31. 54. _____Drugs that increase neural activity and energy. Stimulants
  32. 57. _____Drugs that decrease neural activity and slow body functions. Depressants
  33. 58. Hormone involved in social bonding and childbirth. Oxytocin
  34. 59. _____potential Electrical charge across the neuron membrane when not firing. Resting
  35. 60. _____neurotransmitters Chemicals that stimulate neurons to fire. Excitatory
Down
  1. 1. Neurotransmitter involved in muscle action, learning, and memory. Acetylcholine
  2. 2. _____Stimulant that increases alertness. Caffeine
  3. 5. Hormone that prepares the body for fight-or-flight response. Adrenaline
  4. 6. _____Opioid that is highly addictive. Heroin
  5. 10. Reduction in membrane potential making a neuron more likely to fire. Depolarization
  6. 12. Hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Melatonin
  7. 14. _____studies Research comparing similarities between identical and fraternal twins. Twin
  8. 15. _____or-nothing principle Neuron either fires completely or not at all. All
  9. 16. _____Drugs that cause perceptual distortions. Hallucinogens
  10. 17. _____Symptoms experienced when stopping or reducing drug use. Withdrawal
  11. 19. Neurotransmitter involved in arousal and alertness. Norepinephrine
  12. 22. _____Compulsive drug use despite harmful consequences. Addiction
  13. 25. Chemical messengers released by glands to regulate bodily functions. Hormones
  14. 26. _____neurons Transmit sensory information to the CNS. Sensory
  15. 27. Major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory. Glutamate
  16. 30. Connect neurons within the CNS. Interneurons
  17. 31. _____studies Research examining traits among family members. Family
  18. 33. _____gravis Autoimmune disorder causing muscle weakness. Myasthenia
  19. 34. Environmental factors influencing development. Nurture
  20. 37. _____ inhibitors Drugs that block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters. Reuptake
  21. 39. _____Depressant that affects motor skills and judgment. Alcohol
  22. 40. _____nervous system Controls voluntary movements. Somatic
  23. 43. Nerves outside the CNS. AKA The Peripheral nervous system PNS
  24. 45. _____Reduced response to a drug after repeated use. Tolerance
  25. 47. _____Drugs that relieve pain and produce euphoria. Opioids
  26. 55. Transmission of traits from parents to offspring. Heredity
  27. 56. Drugs that mimic or enhance neurotransmitter effects. Agonists