Biology 1

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Across
  1. 3. _____Reduced response to a drug after repeated use. Tolerance
  2. 6. _____P Neurotransmitter involved in pain perception. Substance
  3. 7. _____studies Research comparing similarities between identical and fraternal twins. Twin
  4. 8. _____period Time after an action potential when a neuron can’t fire again. Refractory
  5. 9. _____studies Research examining traits among family members. Family
  6. 12. Major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory. Glutamate
  7. 16. _____Compulsive drug use despite harmful consequences. Addiction
  8. 17. _____nervous system Controls voluntary movements. Somatic
  9. 18. _____perspective How natural selection influences behavior and mental processes. Evolutionary
  10. 20. _____Symptoms experienced when stopping or reducing drug use. Withdrawal
  11. 25. _____neurotransmitters Chemicals that stimulate neurons to fire. Excitatory
  12. 27. Controls involuntary bodily functions AKA The Autonomic nervous system. ANS
  13. 28. Genetic and biological factors influencing development. Nature
  14. 30. _____selection Process where traits that enhance survival are passed on. Natural
  15. 33. _____Drugs that relieve pain and produce euphoria. Opioids
  16. 35. _____arc Pathway for reflex actions. Reflex
  17. 36. _____nervous system Promotes rest and digestion. Parasympathetic
  18. 37. _____potential Electrical impulse traveling down a neuron. Action
  19. 41. _____ inhibitors Drugs that block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters. Reuptake
  20. 43. Neurotransmitter involved in muscle action, learning, and memory. Acetylcholine
  21. 44. Environmental factors influencing development. Nurture
  22. 45. _____Stimulant that increases dopamine levels. Cocaine
  23. 47. _____predisposition Increased likelihood of developing a condition based on genetics. Genetic
  24. 48. _____Drug that can act as a depressant, stimulant, or hallucinogen. Marijuana
  25. 51. _____neurons Transmit sensory information to the CNS. Sensory
  26. 52. Hormone that regulates hunger and energy balance. Leptin
  27. 55. _____Stimulant that increases alertness. Caffeine
  28. 56. Hormone involved in social bonding and childbirth. Oxytocin
  29. 57. Hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Melatonin
  30. 58. Hormone that stimulates appetite. Ghrelin
  31. 59. Controversial practice of improving genetic quality by selective breeding. Eugenics
  32. 61. _____neurons Transmit commands from the CNS to muscles. Motor
Down
  1. 1. Brain and spinal cord. AKA The Central nervous system CNS
  2. 2. Reduction in membrane potential making a neuron more likely to fire. Depolarization
  3. 4. Drugs that block or reduce neurotransmitter effects. Antagonists
  4. 5. ____neurotransmitters Chemicals that prevent neurons from firing. Inhibitory
  5. 10. _____Drugs that increase neural activity and energy. Stimulants
  6. 11. _____Drugs that decrease neural activity and slow body functions. Depressants
  7. 13. _____or-nothing principle Neuron either fires completely or not at all. All
  8. 14. _____Opioid that is highly addictive. Heroin
  9. 15. Nerves outside the CNS. AKA The Peripheral nervous system PNS
  10. 19. Hormone that prepares the body for fight-or-flight response. Adrenaline
  11. 21. Connect neurons within the CNS. Interneurons
  12. 22. _____transmission Process of sending signals between neurons. Neural
  13. 23. _____gravis Autoimmune disorder causing muscle weakness. Myasthenia
  14. 24. _____sclerosis Disease where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath of neurons. Multiple
  15. 26. _____Drugs that cause perceptual distortions. Hallucinogens
  16. 29. Minimum stimulus needed to trigger an action potential. Threshold
  17. 30. Neurotransmitter involved in arousal and alertness. Norepinephrine
  18. 31. _____studies Research comparing adopted children to their biological and adoptive parents. Adoption
  19. 32. _____nervous system Activates fight-or-flight response. Sympathetic
  20. 34. Neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation, and motor control. Dopamine
  21. 38. _____potential Electrical charge across the neuron membrane when not firing. Resting
  22. 39. Transmission of traits from parents to offspring. Heredity
  23. 40. _____cells Support and protect neurons. Glial
  24. 42. Drugs that mimic or enhance neurotransmitter effects. Agonists
  25. 46. Reabsorption of neurotransmitters by the sending neuron. Reuptake
  26. 47. Major inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces neuronal excitability. GABA
  27. 49. Neurotransmitter affecting mood, sleep, and appetite. Serotonin
  28. 50. Chemical messengers released by glands to regulate bodily functions. Hormones
  29. 53. _____Depressant that affects motor skills and judgment. Alcohol
  30. 54. Neurotransmitters that act as natural painkillers and mood enhancers. Endorphins
  31. 60. _____Nerve cells transmitting information. Neurons