Biology 1

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Across
  1. 2. Major inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces neuronal excitability. GABA
  2. 4. _____nervous system Activates fight-or-flight response. Sympathetic
  3. 5. Major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory. Glutamate
  4. 8. _____studies Research examining traits among family members. Family
  5. 9. Neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation, and motor control. Dopamine
  6. 10. _____sclerosis Disease where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath of neurons. Multiple
  7. 12. _____Stimulant that increases alertness. Caffeine
  8. 14. _____Symptoms experienced when stopping or reducing drug use. Withdrawal
  9. 15. Hormone that stimulates appetite. Ghrelin
  10. 20. _____period Time after an action potential when a neuron can’t fire again. Refractory
  11. 22. Hormone that prepares the body for fight-or-flight response. Adrenaline
  12. 24. _____potential Electrical impulse traveling down a neuron. Action
  13. 25. _____predisposition Increased likelihood of developing a condition based on genetics. Genetic
  14. 27. _____Drug that can act as a depressant, stimulant, or hallucinogen. Marijuana
  15. 29. _____cells Support and protect neurons. Glial
  16. 30. Minimum stimulus needed to trigger an action potential. Threshold
  17. 33. _____gravis Autoimmune disorder causing muscle weakness. Myasthenia
  18. 35. Genetic and biological factors influencing development. Nature
  19. 36. _____neurons Transmit commands from the CNS to muscles. Motor
  20. 37. Neurotransmitter involved in arousal and alertness. Norepinephrine
  21. 38. ____neurotransmitters Chemicals that prevent neurons from firing. Inhibitory
  22. 40. _____Drugs that increase neural activity and energy. Stimulants
  23. 41. Nerves outside the CNS. AKA The Peripheral nervous system PNS
  24. 44. _____neurotransmitters Chemicals that stimulate neurons to fire. Excitatory
  25. 45. Reabsorption of neurotransmitters by the sending neuron. Reuptake
  26. 53. Neurotransmitters that act as natural painkillers and mood enhancers. Endorphins
  27. 54. Hormone involved in social bonding and childbirth. Oxytocin
  28. 56. Drugs that block or reduce neurotransmitter effects. Antagonists
  29. 57. _____selection Process where traits that enhance survival are passed on. Natural
  30. 59. Hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Melatonin
  31. 61. Hormone that regulates hunger and energy balance. Leptin
Down
  1. 1. _____nervous system Promotes rest and digestion. Parasympathetic
  2. 3. _____Drugs that relieve pain and produce euphoria. Opioids
  3. 6. _____Reduced response to a drug after repeated use. Tolerance
  4. 7. _____arc Pathway for reflex actions. Reflex
  5. 11. _____studies Research comparing similarities between identical and fraternal twins. Twin
  6. 13. Environmental factors influencing development. Nurture
  7. 16. Neurotransmitter affecting mood, sleep, and appetite. Serotonin
  8. 17. _____nervous system Controls voluntary movements. Somatic
  9. 18. _____potential Electrical charge across the neuron membrane when not firing. Resting
  10. 19. Connect neurons within the CNS. Interneurons
  11. 21. Controls involuntary bodily functions AKA The Autonomic nervous system. ANS
  12. 22. Neurotransmitter involved in muscle action, learning, and memory. Acetylcholine
  13. 23. _____Stimulant that increases dopamine levels. Cocaine
  14. 26. _____Drugs that cause perceptual distortions. Hallucinogens
  15. 28. _____studies Research comparing adopted children to their biological and adoptive parents. Adoption
  16. 31. Chemical messengers released by glands to regulate bodily functions. Hormones
  17. 32. _____ inhibitors Drugs that block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters. Reuptake
  18. 34. Drugs that mimic or enhance neurotransmitter effects. Agonists
  19. 39. _____Nerve cells transmitting information. Neurons
  20. 42. _____transmission Process of sending signals between neurons. Neural
  21. 43. Reduction in membrane potential making a neuron more likely to fire. Depolarization
  22. 44. _____perspective How natural selection influences behavior and mental processes. Evolutionary
  23. 46. _____or-nothing principle Neuron either fires completely or not at all. All
  24. 47. Transmission of traits from parents to offspring. Heredity
  25. 48. _____Drugs that decrease neural activity and slow body functions. Depressants
  26. 49. _____P Neurotransmitter involved in pain perception. Substance
  27. 50. _____Compulsive drug use despite harmful consequences. Addiction
  28. 51. Controversial practice of improving genetic quality by selective breeding. Eugenics
  29. 52. _____neurons Transmit sensory information to the CNS. Sensory
  30. 55. Brain and spinal cord. AKA The Central nervous system CNS
  31. 58. _____Opioid that is highly addictive. Heroin
  32. 60. _____Depressant that affects motor skills and judgment. Alcohol