Biology 1

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Across
  1. 2. Connect neurons within the CNS. Interneurons
  2. 8. Neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation, and motor control. Dopamine
  3. 10. _____studies Research comparing adopted children to their biological and adoptive parents. Adoption
  4. 12. Transmission of traits from parents to offspring. Heredity
  5. 15. Drugs that block or reduce neurotransmitter effects. Antagonists
  6. 16. _____cells Support and protect neurons. Glial
  7. 17. _____studies Research comparing similarities between identical and fraternal twins. Twin
  8. 18. Drugs that mimic or enhance neurotransmitter effects. Agonists
  9. 19. _____Drugs that decrease neural activity and slow body functions. Depressants
  10. 22. Brain and spinal cord. AKA The Central nervous system CNS
  11. 24. Neurotransmitters that act as natural painkillers and mood enhancers. Endorphins
  12. 29. _____Opioid that is highly addictive. Heroin
  13. 32. Controversial practice of improving genetic quality by selective breeding. Eugenics
  14. 34. _____P Neurotransmitter involved in pain perception. Substance
  15. 37. _____sclerosis Disease where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath of neurons. Multiple
  16. 39. _____Drug that can act as a depressant, stimulant, or hallucinogen. Marijuana
  17. 41. Neurotransmitter affecting mood, sleep, and appetite. Serotonin
  18. 42. _____Reduced response to a drug after repeated use. Tolerance
  19. 45. _____perspective How natural selection influences behavior and mental processes. Evolutionary
  20. 46. _____gravis Autoimmune disorder causing muscle weakness. Myasthenia
  21. 50. _____Drugs that relieve pain and produce euphoria. Opioids
  22. 51. _____neurons Transmit sensory information to the CNS. Sensory
  23. 53. _____potential Electrical impulse traveling down a neuron. Action
  24. 54. _____predisposition Increased likelihood of developing a condition based on genetics. Genetic
  25. 56. _____Stimulant that increases dopamine levels. Cocaine
  26. 58. _____Drugs that cause perceptual distortions. Hallucinogens
  27. 59. _____selection Process where traits that enhance survival are passed on. Natural
  28. 61. Hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Melatonin
Down
  1. 1. _____Symptoms experienced when stopping or reducing drug use. Withdrawal
  2. 3. Hormone that stimulates appetite. Ghrelin
  3. 4. Hormone that regulates hunger and energy balance. Leptin
  4. 5. _____Drugs that increase neural activity and energy. Stimulants
  5. 6. _____nervous system Promotes rest and digestion. Parasympathetic
  6. 7. Neurotransmitter involved in arousal and alertness. Norepinephrine
  7. 9. _____Depressant that affects motor skills and judgment. Alcohol
  8. 11. Chemical messengers released by glands to regulate bodily functions. Hormones
  9. 13. Neurotransmitter involved in muscle action, learning, and memory. Acetylcholine
  10. 14. Major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory. Glutamate
  11. 15. _____or-nothing principle Neuron either fires completely or not at all. All
  12. 20. _____potential Electrical charge across the neuron membrane when not firing. Resting
  13. 21. Reduction in membrane potential making a neuron more likely to fire. Depolarization
  14. 23. Hormone involved in social bonding and childbirth. Oxytocin
  15. 25. _____transmission Process of sending signals between neurons. Neural
  16. 26. _____Nerve cells transmitting information. Neurons
  17. 27. ____neurotransmitters Chemicals that prevent neurons from firing. Inhibitory
  18. 28. Reabsorption of neurotransmitters by the sending neuron. Reuptake
  19. 30. Genetic and biological factors influencing development. Nature
  20. 31. _____ inhibitors Drugs that block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters. Reuptake
  21. 33. _____nervous system Activates fight-or-flight response. Sympathetic
  22. 35. _____period Time after an action potential when a neuron can’t fire again. Refractory
  23. 36. Major inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces neuronal excitability. GABA
  24. 38. Nerves outside the CNS. AKA The Peripheral nervous system PNS
  25. 40. _____neurotransmitters Chemicals that stimulate neurons to fire. Excitatory
  26. 43. _____studies Research examining traits among family members. Family
  27. 44. _____Compulsive drug use despite harmful consequences. Addiction
  28. 46. _____neurons Transmit commands from the CNS to muscles. Motor
  29. 47. Environmental factors influencing development. Nurture
  30. 48. Controls involuntary bodily functions AKA The Autonomic nervous system. ANS
  31. 49. Hormone that prepares the body for fight-or-flight response. Adrenaline
  32. 52. _____arc Pathway for reflex actions. Reflex
  33. 55. Minimum stimulus needed to trigger an action potential. Threshold
  34. 57. _____Stimulant that increases alertness. Caffeine
  35. 60. _____nervous system Controls voluntary movements. Somatic