biology

3. An organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place.
4. respiration: The process by which cells break down glucose and oxygen to release usable energy (ATP).
6. An organism (like fungi or bacteria) that breaks down dead plant or animal material.
7. (Adenosine Diphosphate): A lower-energy molecule that converts into ATP when a phosphate group is added.
10. The solid, rocky part of Earth, including the crust, mantle, and core.
12. An anaerobic process by which cells extract energy from glucose without using oxygen.
13. reactions (Light-independent reactions): The phase of photosynthesis that uses energy from light reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose without needing direct sunlight.
14. A fundamental chemical element that forms the basis of all known organic life.
15. (Adenosine Triphosphate): The primary energy-carrying molecule used by cells to power biological processes.
17. The green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
18. An organism that produces its own food from inorganic substances, like plants using sunlight.

1. transport chain: A series of protein complexes that transfer electrons to generate ATP during cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
2. The regions of Earth’s surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere occupied by living organisms.
5. The layer of gases surrounding Earth or another planet.
8. Processes or organisms that occur or live without oxygen.
9. Processes or organisms that require oxygen to live or function.
11. An organism that cannot produce its own food and must consume other organisms for energy
16. The first step of cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into pyruvate to yield a small amount of ATP.