Biology 2

6. Reactions that break down complex molecules into simpler compounds
8. Occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotes or in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes
10. impede enzymatic reactions by binding to a part of the enzyme other than the active site
12. an allosteric regulator that binds to one of the enzyme subunits and stabilizes the active form of the enzyme (ie. ADP and catabolic enzymes)
13. an allosteric regulator that binds to one of the enzyme subunits and stabilizes the inactive form of the enzyme (ie. ATP and catabolic enzymes)
14. a molecule that carries energy within cells
15. the gain of electrons by a reactant; often in the form of a hydrogen atom bound to the electron
18. The 2 pyruvic acid from glycolysis are converted to 2 acetyl CoA
19. the loss of electrons from a reactant; can be considered a loss of oxygen by glucose
20. Inhibitors certain chemicals that inhibit the action of specific enzymes
21. substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed
22. a form of allosteric regulation, whereby the substrate binds to one active site thus affecting catalysis in another active site (ie. hemogloblinand O2)
23. A protein that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by it
24. a coenzyme that occurs naturally in the body and plays a role in generating energy
25. The diffusion of water across the cell membrane

1. The reactant(s)that an enzyme acts on
2. “Splits” 1 glucose (6 carbon sugar) into 2 pyruvic acid (each has 3 carbons)
3. Reactions that build complex molecules from simpler ones
4. Uses something other than O2 as the final electron acceptor
5. Shuttle a substance from one side of the membrane to the other
7. reduce the productivity of enzymes by competing with the normal substrates for binding to the active site
9. A collection of proteins with associated nonproteins that are embedded in the inner membrane of mitochondria (eukaryotes) or in the plasma membrane (prokaryotes)
11. the activation energy of the reactants is lowered while they are in the activation site of this complex, which is typically a pocket or a groove in the enzyme structure
16. involve the transfer of electrons from one reactant to another
17. Is the harvesting energy from fuels, such as glucose without O2