Across
- 4. relating to or causing lysis.
- 5. a substance forming the cell walls of many bacteria, consisting of glycosaminoglycan chains interlinked with short peptides.
- 8. Anaerobes microorganisms killed by normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen.
- 9. any spherical or roughly spherical bacterium.
- 11. Bacteriophage Escherichia virus T4 is a species of bacteriophages that infect Escherichia coli bacteria. It is a double-stranded DNA virus in the subfamily Tevenvirinae from the family Myoviridae. T4 is capable of undergoing only a lytic lifecycle and not the lysogenic lifecycle.
- 13. an organism causing disease to its host
- 14. a type of virus that inserts a DNA copy of its RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell.
- 15. microorganisms that are similar to bacteria in size and simplicity of structure but radically different in molecular organization
- 18. primary producer is an organism that produces complex organic compounds using carbon from simple substances such as carbon dioxide, generally using energy from light or inorganic chemical reactions.
- 20. a bacterium of a large group typically having simple cells with rigid cell walls and often flagella for movement. The group comprises the “true” bacteria and cyanobacteria, as distinct from archaebacteria
- 22. the process of making something free from bacteria or other living microorganisms.
Down
- 1. an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances.
- 2. a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.
- 3. Aerobes an organism that requires oxygen to grow. Through cellular respiration, these organisms use oxygen to metabolise substances, like sugars or fats, to obtain energy.
- 6. a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles. Prokaryotes include the bacteria and cyanobacteria.
- 7. an organism, especially a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, that decomposes organic material.
- 10. the state where a host cell contains one or more prophages in which the lytic genes are repressed by the phage-encoded repressor.
- 12. a bacterium with a rigid spiral structure, found in stagnant water and sometimes causing disease.
- 16. protein shells that surround and protect the viral genome
- 17. a medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.
- 19. biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified.
- 21. Walls urrounds the plasma membrane of plant cells and provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress