Across
- 2. Class of organic compounds that tend to be soluable in nonpolar solvents; includes fats and oils
- 5. Smallest particle of an element that displays the properties of the element
- 8. Measurement scale for hydrogen ion concentration
- 9. Number of protons within the nucleus of an atom
- 12. Substances that cannot be broken down into substances with different properties; composed only of one type of atom
- 15. The ability of water molecules to cling to each other due to the process of hydrogen bonding
- 16. Chemical bond in which ions are attracted to one another by opposite charges
- 21. The observation that an atom is most stable when its outer shell is complete and contains eight electrons; an exception is hydrogen, which requires only two electrons in its outer shell to have a completed shell
- 22. Substance that is dissolved in a solvent, forming a solution
- 23. Type of molecule, often polar, that interacts with water by dissolving in water and/or forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules
- 24. Class of organic compounds that typically contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
- 27. Substance or group of substances that tend to resist pH changes of a solution, thus stabilizing its relative acidity and basicity
- 30. The ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond
- 31. Charged particles that carries a negative or positive charge
- 34. Organic molecule that contains glycerol and three fatty acids; energy storage molecule
- 35. Any monosaccharide that contains six carbons; examples are glucose and galactose
- 36. Splitting of a chemical bond by the addition of water with the hydrogen ion going to one molecule and the hydroxide ion to the other
- 39. Anything that has mass and takes up space
- 43. Molecules tending to raise the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and thus lowering its pH numerically
- 44. Organic molecule composed of an amino group and an acid group; covalent bonds to produce peptide molecules
- 45. Specific cluster of atoms attached to the carbon skeleton of organic molecules that enters into reactions and behaves in a predictable way
- 48. Nucleotide with two phosphate gorups
- 50. Loss of an enzymes normal shape so that it no longer functions; usually caused by a less than optimal pH and temperature
- 51. Fluid that contains a dissolved solid
- 52. Molecules tending to lower the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and thus raise its pH numerically
- 53. Amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celcius
- 57. Molecules with the same molecular formula but a different structure, and therefore different shape
- 58. The average location, or energy level, of and electron in an atom. Often drawn as cocentric circles around the nucleus
- 59. Macromolecule consisting of covalently bonded monomers; for example, a polypeptide is a polymer of monomers called amino acids
- 61. A type of lipid molecule having a complex of four carbon rings - e.g., cholesterol, estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone
- 62. Polymer made from carbohydrate monomers; the polysaccharides starch and glycogen are polymers of glucose monomers
- 67. Weak Bond that arises between a slightly positive hydrogen atom of one molecule and a slightly negative atom of another molecule, or between parts of the same molecule
- 68. Double spiral; describes the three dimensional shape of DNA
Down
- 1. Storage polysaccharide found in animals; composed of glucose molecules joined in a linear fashion but having numerous branches
- 3. Bond in which the sharing of electrons between atoms is unequal
- 4. The ability of water molecules to cling to, or be attracted to, a surface, such as a transport vessel in a plant or animal
- 6. Chemical reaction in which a water molecule is released during the formation of a covalent bond
- 7. Simple sugar; a carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by hydrolysis - e.g., glucose; also, any monomer of polysaccharides
- 8. Type of covalent bond that joins two amino acids
- 10. Six-carbon monosaccharide; used as an energy source during cellular respiration and as a monomer of the structural polysaccharides
- 11. Union of two or more atoms of the same element; also the smallest part of a compound that retains the properties of a compound
- 13. A bond in which the sharing of electrons between atoms is fairly equal
- 14. Fatty acid molecule that contains double bonds between some carbons of its hydrocarbon chain; thus contains fewer hydrogens than a saturated hydrocarbon chain
- 16. Atoms of the same element having the same atomic number but a different mass number due to a variation in the number of neutrons
- 17. Nuetral subatomic particle located in the nucleus and assigned one atomic mass unit (AMU)
- 18. Polymer of many amino acids linked by peptide bonds
- 19. Substance having two or more different elements in a fixed ratio
- 20. Small molecule that is a subunit of a polymer - e.g., glucose is a monomer of starch
- 25. Five-carbon monosaccharide - examples are deoxyribose found in DNA and ribose found in RNA
- 26. Molecule that always contains carbon and hydrogen, and often contains oxygen as well; organic molecules are associated with living organisms
- 28. Molecule that contains a hydrocarbon chain and ends with an amino group
- 29. Monomer of DNA and RNA consisting of a five carbon sugar bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
- 32. The outer electron shell of an atom. Contains the valence electrons, which determine the chemical reactivity of an atom
- 33. Polymer of amino acids; often consisting of one or more polypeptides and having a complex three-dimensional shape
- 37. Type of molecule that is typically nonpolar and therefore does not interact easily with water
- 38. Chemical bond in which atoms share one pair of electrons
- 40. Mass of an atom equal to the number of protons and nuetrons within the nucleus
- 41. Positive subatomic particle located in the nucleus and assigned one atomic mass unit (AMU)
- 42. Molecule that forms the bilayer of the cells membranes; has a polar, hydrophilic head bonded to two nonpolar, hydrophobic tails
- 46. Unsaturated fatty acid chains in which the configuration of the carbon - carbon double bonds is such that the hydrogen atoms are across from each other, as opposed to being on the same side
- 47. Force that holds moist membranes together due to the attraction of water molecules through hydrogen bonds
- 49. Fatty acid molecule that lacks double bonds between the carbons of its dydrocarbon chain. The chain bears the maximum number of hydrogens possible
- 50. Sugar that contains two monosaccharide units; e.g., maltose
- 54. Storage polysaccharide found in plants that is composed of glucose molecules joined in a linear fasion with few side chains
- 55. Polysaccharide that is the major complex carbohydrate in plant cell walls
- 56. Nucleic acid produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar ribose; occurs in many forms
- 60. Negative subatomic particle, moving about in an energy level around the nucleus of the atom
- 63. Triglyceride, usually of plant origin, that is composed of glycerol and three fatty acids and is liquid in consistency due to many unsaturated bonds in the hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids
- 64. Nucleotide with three phosphate groups
- 65. Organic catalyst, usually a protein, that speeds a reaction in cells due to its particular shape
- 66. Nucleic acid polymer produced from covalent bonding of nucleotide monomers that contain the sugar deoxyribose; the genetic material of living organisms