Across
- 3. A membrane or glassslide, on which sequences of DNA are fixed in anorderly arrangement.
- 6. The application of scientific knowledge to legal problems.
- 9. The insertion of usually genetically altered genes into cells especially to replace defective genes in the treatment of genetic disorders.
- 11. Derived from an organism whose DNA has been altered for the purpose of improvement correction of defects.
- 15. A pyrimidine base C5H6N2O2 that is one of the four bases coding genetic information in the polynucleotide chain of DNA, with the base pairing adenine.
- 16. A small RNA molecule, consisting of a strand of nucleotides folded into a clover-leaf shape, that picks up an unattached amino acid within the cell cytoplasm and conveys it to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
- 18. A purine base C5H5N5 that codes hereditary information in the genetic code in DNA and RNA, with the base pairing of thymine.
- 19. Something the promotes replication or repair of DNA usually using single-stranded DNA as a template.
- 22. Small circular DNA molecules.
- 24. RNA that is a fundamental structural element of ribosomes.
- 25. The process of binding separate DNA sequences.
- 26. A technique used especially for identification by extracting and identifying the base-pair pattern in an individual's DNA.
- 30. The process of forming a protein molecule at a ribosomal site of protein synthesis from information contained in messenger RNA.
- 31. Used to produce an organism or cell of one species into which one or more genes of another species have been incorporated.
- 32. Any of various enzymes that catalyze the unwinding and separation of double-stranded DNA or RNA during its replication.
- 33. Any of a class of enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules by formation of a covalent bond accompanied by the hydrolysis of ATP.
Down
- 1. A purine base C5H5N5O that codes genetic information in the polynucleotide chain of DNA or RNA, with the base pairing of cytosine.
- 2. A triplet of nucleotide bases in transfer RNA that identifies the amino acid carried and binds to a complementary codon in messenger RNA during protein synthesis at a ribosome.
- 4. A Y-shaped part of a chromosome that is the site for DNA strand separation and then duplication.
- 5. An enzime that cuts DNA at a sequence of nucleotides.
- 7. The process of constructing a messenger RNA molecule using a DNA molecule as a template with resulting transfer of genetic information to the messenger RNA.
- 8. DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms.
- 10. A technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of DNA, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.
- 12. The action or process of reproducing or duplicating.
- 13. The group or radical obtained by removal of oneor more hydrogen atoms from phosphoric acid.
- 14. The sugar found in DNA.
- 17. Any of various nucleic acids that contain ribose and uracil as structural components and are associated with the control of cellular chemical activities.
- 20. A gene that makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry the plasmid from those that don’t.
- 21. An individual grown from a single somatic cell or cell nucleus and genetically identical to it.
- 23. Any of a group of enzymes that promote the synthesis of RNA using DNA or RNA as a template.
- 27. An RNA produced by transcription that carries the code for a particular protein from the nuclear DNA to a ribosome in the cytoplasm and acts as a template for the formation of that protein.
- 28. A specific sequence of three consecutive nucleotides that is part of the genetic code and that specifies a particular amino acid in a protein or starts or stops protein synthesis.
- 29. A pyrimidine base C4H5N3O that codes genetic information in the polynucleotide chain of DNA or RNA, with the base pairing of guanine.