Biology II Unit 1 Origins of Life, Prokaryotes, and Viruses

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Across
  1. 2. A disease-causing organism, such as certain bacteria or viruses (p. 505).
  2. 3. A rotating filament structure used for motility in many prokaryotes (p. 500).
  3. 4. Bacteria with thick peptidoglycan walls that retain the crystal violet stain (p. 499).
  4. 8. Protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid in a virus (p. 508).
  5. 10. Transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct contact via a pilus (p. 503).
  6. 12. A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (p. 496).
  7. 14. A highly resistant, dormant structure formed by some bacteria to survive harsh conditions (p. 504).
  8. 15. A polymer of sugars and amino acids that makes up most bacterial cell walls (p. 498).
  9. 16. Uptake of naked DNA from the environment by a bacterial cell (p. 503).
  10. 19. An enzyme that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template (p. 511).
  11. 21. Virus that uses reverse transcriptase to convert RNA into DNA inside the host cell (p. 511).
  12. 22. A membrane derived from host cell membranes that surrounds the capsid in some viruses (p. 508).
  13. 23. One of the two domains of prokaryotes; diverse in form and metabolism (p. 497).
Down
  1. 1. A form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes where a cell divides into two genetically identical cells (p. 502).
  2. 2. A hairlike appendage used for attachment or transfer of genetic material (p. 500).
  3. 5. An organism that can only replicate within a host cell (p. 509).
  4. 6. Viral reproductive cycle that results in the destruction (lysis) of the host cell (p. 510).
  5. 7. A virus that infects bacteria (p. 512).
  6. 9. Region of the cytoplasm where the circular DNA molecule of prokaryotes is located (p. 501).
  7. 11. Viral reproductive cycle where viral DNA integrates into the host genome and replicates with it (p. 510).
  8. 13. One of the two domains of prokaryotes; often live in extreme environments and differ in cell wall and membrane chemistry (p. 497).
  9. 17. Transfer of bacterial genes by a virus (p. 503).
  10. 18. Bacteria with a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane; they do not retain the violet stain but take up safranin (p. 499).
  11. 20. Rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane in most prokaryotes that maintains shape and protects against osmotic pressure (p. 498).