Across
- 2. What type of photosynthesis stores CO2 by opening stomata at night?
- 5. __________ open creating a gradient.
- 9. Soils can differ in the same area based on _______________ (relief).
- 11. Diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane.
- 13. Closed stoma _________ water loss.
- 15. Soil with intermediate workability, moderate water-holding and medium porosity.
- 16. Low acidity (high pH) reduces ____________ availability.
- 20. Soils develop on ___________ time scales.
- 22. Soil horizon 4 in to 10 ft, weathered sedimentary and igneous rock
- 23. Soils affect and are affected by both living and dead ___________.
- 24. The loss of water vapor from leaves into the atmosphere.
- 26. Peat moss produces chemicals to lower pH, prevent ____________-.
- 28. Soil type that has large pore size, good for oxygen, water drains quickly, root growth rate. Easy to till and work with.
- 29. Molecules move along a concentration gradient, from high to low.
- 31. Open stoma ________ CO2 into the leaf, creating a cooling effect
- 32. Composed of solid rock, basis of parent material (not soil).
- 34. Guard cells regulate _________ pressure by changing salt concentrations.
- 36. ________ point occurs when water is no longer available to plants.
- 38. Water moves from cells with higher Ψ (wet) to cells with lower Ψ (dry), so a plant brings water up through its ________ to it's leaves.
- 40. Soil type that has water drain slowly. Soil holds tightly to nutrients and has small pores, low oxygen.
Down
- 1. Water is pulled from leaf veins and eventually the ________.
- 3. ________ cells dry out, drawing water from adjacent cells via osmosis.
- 4. Soil horizon 4 -8 inches below surface, organic material-- living and newly decomposed.
- 6. Pressure-flow hypothesis states that there is evidence from _________ that puncture phloem. Sugar-water droplet forms in seconds and indicates phloem is under pressure.
- 7. The force required to move the water is the ___________ pressure (Ψs).
- 8. ___________________ hypothesis is explained when food is actively loaded into the phloem. Water diffuses from xylem to phloem, there is a pressure gradient -- food "sinks", food is removed at the bottom (roots).
- 10. Accumulation of plant material without decomposition.
- 12. Water moves up narrow tubes because of ________________ _________.
- 14. Soils are _______ (alive or dead).
- 17. How do soils form?
- 18. __________ motion is the constant random movement of molecules.
- 19. Water molecules have cohesion to each other and ____________ to surfaces.
- 21. Different sized soil ____________ = more space for growth.
- 25. _________ is best for agriculture.
- 27. This capillary action is related to _________ bonds between water molecules.
- 29. __________ is disturbed soil that is no longer part of the ecosystem.
- 30. Soil horizon 1-3 feet, contains higher percentage of clay, lighter color, inorganic material.
- 33. High ___________ causes death of micro-organisms. Reduces nutrient availability. Reduces root growth.
- 35. ____________ capacity is the point at which soil can hold no more water.
- 37. Soil ______ affects porosity, permeability, and workability.
- 39. _________ is a mixture of organic and inorganic material.