Biology Test 2

2. proteins that penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer
4. is important to enzymes as it affects a proteins 3D shape, which in turn affects a proteins function
5. helps the membrane resist changes in the fluidity when the temperature changes
7. water is a polar molecule and its passage across the membrane is greatly enhanced by these channel proteins
10. the loss of electrons from a reactant
12. the gain of electrons by a reactant
13. the cell takes up large molecules within vesicles formed around them at the plasma membrane
15. reactions that build complex molecules from simpler ones
16. shuttle a substance from one side of the membrane to the other
17. the immediate source of energy that powers cellular work
22. the totality of an organism's chemical reactions
23. cells engulf a particle or organism within the vesicle
25. a membrane protein may act as a receptor for a signaling molecule, such as a hormone

1. proteins that are not embedded in the membrane lipid bilayer at all
3. splits 1 glucose into 2 pyruvic acid
6. membrane proteins that have a short carbohydrate chains bound to them
8. the target cells detection of the signaling molecule coming from the outside cell surface
9. transmits a signal that is a result of the ligand binding to the receptor
11. the membrane is a mosaic of protein molecules bobbing in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids
14. partial degradation of sugars, such as glucose, without the use of O2
18. reactions that break down complex molecules into simpler compounds
19. large molecules within vesicles dissolve into the plasma membrane and are secreted to the outside cell
20. the diffusion of water across a cell membrane
21. the reactants that an enzyme acts on
24. a protein that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by it