Across
- 4. simple molecules and atoms joining together forming complex molecules
- 7. located in temperate climates ... stomata closes preventing adequate CO2 from entering increasing oxygen binding to Rubisco
- 8. occurs in cristae of mitochondria and is when the most ATP is produced (approx. 26-28)
- 9. ingest organic energy compounds
- 11. located in hot dry climates ... dont open stomata during the day but does open during night allowing CO2 to enter and be converted into malate which is then converted back into CO2 during the day which then enters the Calvin Cycle directly and joins to form two C3 compounds which then form glucose
- 13. requires high levels of oxygen and takes place in mitochondria it involves Krebs and ETC
- 16. the amount of energy required to initiate a reaction due to collisions between molecules
- 17. active site alters its shape to match shape of the substrate
- 18. occurs in cytosol where one molecule of glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvate
- 20. energy rich molecule most commonly broken down in respiration to become a usable energy source for the cell (ATP)
- 21. require energy to initiate reaction and form bonds in the reactants
- 22. all the chemical reactions within a cell
- 23. the fluid matrix of the chloroplast where the light independent stage takes place
- 24. occurs in matrix of mitochondrion .. two pyruvates are broken down into Acetyl CoA and then further broken down completely in a cyclical manner
- 27. the part of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate the tertiary shape is specific and complementary to the shape of its substrate
- 28. enzyme is unchanged and binds to active site
- 29. located in hot climates ... when stomata closes CO2 is obtained by internal mesophyll cells then converted into a 4 carbon molecule or C4 molecule allowing it to enter into the bundle sheath cell where it is then converted back into Co2 to be fixed by Rubisco to enter Calvin Cycle
- 30. the formation/making of energy for the cell OR the process of converting light energy into chemical energy
- 32. the way that water enters the roots of the plant to enter the chloroplast and move to grana
Down
- 1. green pigment located in thylakoids of chloroplasts which captures and harnesses light energy
- 2. happens in some plant cells and ALWAYS in yeast and produces ethanol, CO2 the ATP made in glycolysis
- 3. may occur with or without oxygen so can be either aerobic or anaerobic
- 5. synthesise organic E compounds form inorganic materials
- 6. happens in animals/animal cells and produces lactic acid and the ATP made in glycolysis
- 8. releases energy from the bonds in the reactions thus does not need energy to begin
- 10. cell reactions take place in a series of steps enabling greater control of reaction
- 12. when O2 levels are low or no O2 is available the pyruvate stays in the cytosol and is broken down by a different set of enzymes .. no more ATP is produced
- 14. complex molecules broken down to form simple molecules
- 15. the way that CO2 enters the plant through the stomata from the external atmosphere
- 19. a small molecule that assists enzyme activity by carrying groups of atoms to or from the reaction they also temporarily bind to the enzyme for it to work
- 25. proteins which act as a biological catalyst speeding up chemical reactions
- 26. to speed up a reaction
- 31. membrane sacs that when stacked form grana it is where the light dependent stage takes place in