biology unit 2

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Across
  1. 1. (oxygen-free) metabolic process where organisms convert carbohydrates
  2. 3. molecule that serves as a temporary energy storage intermediate
  3. 5. glucose (sugar) is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that do not need oxygen
  4. 6. double-membraned organelles in eukaryotic cells that serve as the "powerhouses" by generating most of the cell's chemical energy
  5. 11. essential gaseous envelope surrounding a planet, particularly Earth
  6. 13. the chemical element of atomic number 6
  7. 15. associated with solid portions of the Earth
  8. 17. um of all ecosystems on Earth, encompassing all living organisms
  9. 19. organisms, or environments that require or are associated with the presence of oxygen
  10. 20. light-independent process in which sugar molecules are formed from the carbon dioxide and water molecules
  11. 21. organisms that consume other organisms for energy
  12. 22. process cells use to convert chemical energy stored in nutrients
  13. 25. chemical reactions in aerobic organisms that oxidizes acetyl-CoA
  14. 26. green pigment in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria that is essential for photosynthesis
Down
  1. 2. an essential element for all living organisms, forming key components of DNA, RNA, and proteins
  2. 3. organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other
  3. 4. organelle within the cells of plants and certain algae that is the site of photosynthesis
  4. 7. not requiring oxygen
  5. 8. biological process where organisms like plants, algae, and some bacteria use light energy from the sun
  6. 9. organism, such as bacteria or fungi, that breaks down dead or decaying organic matter—like
  7. 10. initial stage of photosynthesis where light energy is captured and converted into chemical energy
  8. 12. anything that has mass and occupies space
  9. 14. molecule that serves as the main "energy currency" of the cell, providing readily releasable energy
  10. 16. eries of protein complexes and molecules in a membrane that transfers electrons from electron donors to acceptors through redox reactions, releasing energy to create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis
  11. 18. an essential element, primarily found as the phosphate ion (PO₄³⁻), crucial for all life
  12. 21. accumulation of Earth's water—oceans
  13. 23. The substances which participate in a chemical reaction
  14. 24. molecule, substance, or entity that is formed at the end of a biological process