Biology Unit 5

3. single stranded nucleic acid used by cells, has bases A, U, G, and C, types include mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
5. gene mutation - when a base is added or deleted and changes all amino acids after the mutation
6. type of mutation that changes whole sections of a chromosome by adding, deletion, inverting, or moving sections
10. 3 letter section of tRNA that matches to a codon of mRNA
13. making a copy of DNA, occurs during the S phase of interphase
15. refers to DNA and histone proteins that make up chromosomes
18. monomer of nucleic acids - made of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base
19. macromolecule made of amino acids - used for enzymes, transport, and cell structures
20. double stranded nucleic acid that has all genetic material, bases include A, T, G, and C, located in the nucleus

1. segment of newly formed DNA on the lagging strand, connected together by ligase during DNA replication
2. strand of RNA created during transcription - each 3- letter section is called a codon
4. 1st step of protein synthesis, takes place in the nucleus and creates a strand of mRNA
7. enzyme used to unzip the DNA molecule during DNA replication
8. 2nd step of protein synthesis, takes place at a ribosome and uses tRNA molecules to assemble amino acids into proteins
9. monomer of a protein - these are carried by tRNA molecules during transcription
11. 3 letter section of mRNA that codes for an amino acid
12. replicating strand of DNA that adds nucleotides moving away from helicase
14. gene mutation - when a base is substituted - changes only 1 amino acid
16. organelle where proteins are made
17. replicating strand of DNA that adds nucleotides moving toward helicase