Across
- 3. Elimination of a species
- 6. "Father of Taxonomy"
- 9. Mechanism of evolution - Any change in a DNA sequence (creates new genotypes/phenotypes)
- 10. Bursts of change followed by periods of stability
- 13. Prokaryotes; "true" bacteria (pathogens); one of the three domains
- 15. Species that exist only in one geographic region (ex. Galapagos tortoises)
- 18. The process of biological change in populations over time that makes descendants genetically different from their ancestors
- 19. differences in the physical traits of organisms (sources - random mutations *ultimate source*, crossing over during meiosis, migration)
- 20. Mechanism of evolution - Random changes in the frequency of alleles in a population over time
- 21. No ____, _____, and _________ for evolution to not occur
- 22. The combined alleles of all individuals in a population
- 23. Structures with little or no function to an organism; could be leftover from an ancestor that had used the structure, and thus could provide evidence of divergent evolution
- 27. A feature that allows an organism to better survive in its environment
- 30. Number of times the allele appears in a population
- 31. Occurs when a catastrophic event changes the environment suddenly (ex. massive volcano, meteor, tsunami)
- 34. Field of biology that classifies organisms
- 38. Large scale evolution affecting a species across populations
- 41. When one prokaryote ended up inside another and both organisms thrived
- 43. When unrelated species evolve similar characteristics because they live in similar environments
- 46. Prokaryotes in extreme environments; one of the three domains
- 49. When there are no changes in the allele frequencies in a population over time, and thus evolution is not occurring
- 50. Study of embryo development; similarities in the embryos of vertebrates early in development suggests common ancestry among vertebrates
- 51. Preserved remains of organisms (bones, footprints, feces, etc.)
- 52. Population must be _____ for evolution to not occur
- 53. Link ancestral species to their descendants; critical for piecing together evolutionary history; (archaeopteryx, between birds and dinosaurs)
- 54. A type of divergent evolution occurring on a small scale over a shorter period of time
- 55. Similar structures that evolved independently in different organisms due to serving similar purposes; different structurally but same functionally, due to living in similar environment; result of convergent evolution, therefore are not related
- 57. Study of the geographic distribution of plants and animals; looks at where things are located; lines up with that has been discovered with Pangea
- 58. Forming of a new species by evolution from a pre-existing species; isolation must occur; (gene pools gradually become different and are no longer able to reproduce)
Down
- 1. A process that splits a population into two groups; removes individuals with average traits and favors the 2 extremes
- 2. 2-name naming system by Carolus Linnaeus that names organisms after their Genus species
- 4. Increases the expression of an extreme version of a trait in a population
- 5. A change in gene frequency over time
- 7. Eliminates extreme expressions of a trait when the average expression leads to higher fitness
- 8. Study of prehistoric life through the fossil record
- 11. Small scale evolution affecting a single population
- 12. Occurs when 2 populations of organisms form a specialized relationship and thus change in response to each other (ex. flowers and the insects that pollinate them)
- 14. Eukaryotes; one of the three domains
- 16. Group of organisms that can successfully interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring
- 17. Microevolution that has been directly observed due to occurring in populations with short life cycles that reproduce quickly (ex. peppered moths, pesticide resistant mosquitos)
- 24. Slow, constant changes over a period of time (ex. peppered moths becoming darker)
- 25. saw the different species of finches/tortoises/etc. lived on different islands and had specific characteristics for that island (mechanism for how evolution occurs)
- 26. Use the simplest explanation for creating the tree
- 28. A diagram used to predict evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms; branch points show a new species diverging from the common ancestor
- 29. Nonfunctional genes; provide evidence of divergent evolution
- 32. A measure of how well an organism can survive in its environment
- 33. Mechanism of evolution - Organisms more fit for their environments will survive and reproduce more offspring
- 35. A number of different species arise from one common ancestor
- 36. Evolutionary history of a species
- 37. Leads to more organisms than resources, and thus creates competition
- 39. Study of chemical processes in living things; analyzing DNA and proteins from dif. species allows us to compare similarities to predict common ancestry
- 40. Study of the form of living things
- 42. Similar structures that suggest evidence of common ancestry; similar structure but different function, due to being used in different environments; result of divergent evolution
- 44. Occurs at a slow rate (ex. changes in climate change, natural disasters)
- 45. Mechanism of evolution where organisms with the “best” traits are favored and thus live longer and reproduce more, causing changes in the population over time so that the fittest survive
- 47. Mechanism of evolution - Movement of genes into/out of a population
- 48. Mechanism of evolution - The selection of traits that aren't necessarily good for survival fitness, but without them, you can't pass on your genes at all because you can't reproduce
- 56. Must be ______ mating for evolution to not occur