Across
- 2. A protein in cell membranes that uses energy to move sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell, maintaining balance.
- 4. The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
- 6. The energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
- 7. A chemical reaction that absorbs energy, usually in the form of heat.
- 8. A mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent, resulting in a uniform composition.
- 9. The movement of substances across a cell membrane using energy, usually against a concentration gradient.
- 10. A solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution.
- 11. The process by which a cell takes in materials by engulfing them in a membrane.
- 13. A special protein that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms.
- 14. The process of moving substances across a cell membrane with the help of proteins, without using energy.
- 19. The principle that matter cannot be created or destroyed, only rearranged.
- 20. A model of enzyme activity where the enzyme and substrate fit perfectly together.
- 21. The basic unit of life; the smallest part of an organism that can function independently.
- 22. The process by which cells break down sugar to produce energy, using oxygen.
- 24. A solution with the same concentration of solutes as another solution, resulting in no net movement of water.
- 25. The process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into food and oxygen.
- 28. The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another.
Down
- 1. The movement of substances across a cell membrane without using energy, usually from high to low concentration.
- 3. A chemical reaction that releases energy, usually in the form of heat.
- 5. To speed up a chemical reaction, often by using a substance called an enzyme.
- 12. The property of a membrane that allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others.
- 15. A substance that is dissolved in a liquid to form a solution.
- 16. A molecule that stores and provides energy for cellular activities.
- 17. A model explaining how enzymes change shape slightly to fit the substrate better when they bind.
- 18. Referring to processes that require oxygen to occur.
- 23. The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until evenly spread.
- 26. Referring to processes that do not require oxygen.
- 27. A solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution.