Black History: Early 1800s

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Across
  1. 3. One of the first published African-American poets, challenging assumptions about Black intellect.
  2. 5. Development of distinct musical traditions like spirituals, work songs, and blues, expressing faith, struggle, and identity.
  3. 11. Virginia slave planned a major rebellion but was betrayed and executed.
  4. 12. One of the first Black churches established, located in Philadelphia.
  5. 14. Former enslaved leader who achieved Haitian independence from France.
  6. 15. Enslaved people who escaped to Northern states or Canada in search of freedom, despite continued racial discrimination.
  7. 19. The successful slave rebellion in Haiti that inspired similar uprisings in other Caribbean islands.
  8. 20. Charleston leader who planned a large-scale slave uprising for freedom (1822).
  9. 23. Self-taught mathematician and astronomer, corresponding with Thomas Jefferson.
Down
  1. 1. The complex and resilient family networks formed by enslaved people despite forced separations.
  2. 2. Religious movement that fueled resistance and abolitionist sentiment among Black communities.
  3. 4. A subtle form of resistance against oppressive labor conditions, using "feigned ignorance" and slowed work pace.
  4. 6. Places where enslaved people were bought and sold as commodities, like the infamous market in New Orleans.
  5. 7. Crop relying heavily on slave labor, fueling the South's economy while deepening racial injustice.
  6. 8. Early independent Black church founded in Charleston, South Carolina.
  7. 9. Passing down traditions, stories, and memories through oral storytelling as a means of cultural preservation.
  8. 10. Data on the numbers, ages, and origins of enslaved people in the U.S.
  9. 13. Free Black shipbuilder and advocate for Black economic self-reliance.
  10. 16. First European nation to outlaw the transatlantic slave trade.
  11. 17. Laws restricting the rights and freedoms of enslaved people.
  12. 18. Newspaper advertisements offering glimpses into the lives and resistance of escaped slaves.
  13. 21. Free Black shipbuilder who built vessels for the U.S. Navy during the War of 1812.
  14. 22. Founded the Free African Society in Philadelphia, a cornerstone for Black community building.