Bone Development and Associated Disorders/Abnormalities

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Across
  1. 6. If a baby with osteopetrosis survives into infancy, _____ nerve defects are seen.
  2. 7. The balance between bone formation and resorption is modulated by ____ and WNT signaling.
  3. 8. Pertaining to defects in extracellular structural proteins, mutant collagens that interfere with ____ _____ (2 words) formation are more severe and lethal.
  4. 11. These cells are multinucleated macrophages that resorb bone.
  5. 12. This type of bone development grows by appositional growth; flat bones develop via ______ ossification.
  6. 17. This is a group of rare genetic diseases characterized by reduced bone resorption due to deficient osteoclast development/function. This leads to diffuse skeletal sclerosis.
  7. 18. These cells are in charge of bone formation by assembling matrix and regulate mineralization.
  8. 19. The most common lethal form of dwarfism is _____ dysplasia
  9. 20. Loss-of-function mutations in this gene result in cleidocranial dysplasia.
  10. 21. Also known as brittle bone disease and is the most common inherited disorder of connective tissue. (2 words)
Down
  1. 1. This type of bone pattern is made up of parallel collagen fibers for strength; typically found in normal adult bones.
  2. 2. This type of bone pattern is produced rapidly but has less structural integrity than its counter part.
  3. 3. The extracellular component of bone is mostly made up of what?
  4. 4. This is described as shortened proximal extremities, enlarged head with bulging forehead, and depression of the root of the nose.
  5. 5. A lysosomal storage disease that is defined by deficiencies in enzymes (acid hydrolases) that degrade dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and keratan sulfate.
  6. 9. Brachydactyly types D and E are the result of mutations in homeobox _____ gene.
  7. 10. ____ mutations are responsible for achondroplasia and thanatophorix dysplasia, both of which manifest as dwarfism.
  8. 13. A key characteristic of osteopetrosis, where the end of long bones are ____; described as Erlenmeyer flask deformity.
  9. 14. This is the most common skeletal dysplasia and a major cause of dwarfism.
  10. 15. These cells are interconnected by a network of dendritic cytoplasmic processes through canaliculi and help control calcium/phosphate levels.
  11. 16. Most bones that form during embryogenesis develop from a cartilage mold via ______ ossification.