Across
- 3. Surrounds the cerebral hemispheres as bark would a tree. Appears folded or convoluted.
- 5. A small space in between the terminal buttons of neurons where communication between cells occurs.
- 7. This is one of the three main divisions of the brain. It is located in the center, surrounding the cerebral aqueduct, and consists of two main areas: the tectum and the tegmentum. These areas are involved in the auditory and visual systems, including eye movements and visual reflexes, such as blinking when something fast is approaching.
- 8. One of the three divisions of the brain. It is in the front and contains the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and the limbic system.
- 9. A semiliquid, jellylike substance which fills the space surrounding the membrane of a neuron.
- 10. A type of neurotransmitter that helps send signals in the brain and nervous system. It helps keep us alert and focused. In the peripheral nervous system, it helps control heart rate and blood pressure. This neurotransmitter is also called adrenaline.
- 16. The study of the effects of drugs on the nervous system and behavior.
- 18. Part of the brain stem, this structure is important for sleep and arousal. This structure is also responsible for relaying information from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum.
- 21. A long thin tube of a neuron, the outer surface of which carries information from the cell body to the terminal buttons.
- 24. Little knobs at the end of the branches of a neuron. These secrete neurotransmitters which excite or inhibit the receiving cells. They are like tiny mailboxes that send messages to other cells.
- 25. Refers to the large grooves within the folded cerebral cortex.
- 27. A belief that the mind and body are separate, and the mind isn’t made of matter.
- 28. A barrier that exists between the blood and the fluid that surrounds the cells of a brain. This barrier keeps harmful substances out and allows nutrients in sort of like a checkpoint.
- 30. A type of cell that receives and sends messages from the body to the brain and back to the body. The messages are sent by a weak electrical current.
- 31. Chemicals inside the body that allow neurons to communicate with other neurons.
- 33. A specialized cell that gathers information from the environment like light, sound, odors, tastes or touch.
- 35. Drugs that block or inhibit postsynaptic effects are called. Examples include Naloxone (Narcan) and Naltrexone.
- 39. Part of the brain stem, this structure is the most tail-like and includes nuclei that control vital functions like regulating the cardiovascular system, respiration and skeletal muscle tone.
- 40. This part of the brain is part of the limbic system and plays an important role in learning classically conditioned emotional responses.
- 41. One of the four divided areas of the cerebral cortex, this part is responsible for decision-making and coordination of goal-directed behaviors like planning your weekly schedule.
- 48. This part of the brain is part of the limbic system and plays an important role in the process of forming declarative memories. If you saw a blank walk across a blank, you would remember it.
- 49. A cell that connects motor neurons and sensory neurons. Lies within the central nervous system.
- 50. Branch-like structures on neurons that look like trees. Neurons use these to communicate with each other like antenna or Wi-Fi.
- 51. A mini version of the cerebrum, it receives information about what you see, hear, feel, and how your body moves. It combines all this information to help control and coordinate your movements.
- 53. The part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands. Smooth muscle examples include muscle within the skin, blood vessels, eyes, and in the walls and sphincters of the gut.
- 54. A term for the generation of new neurons. Particularly relevant in adult brains.
- 55. A system consisting of the brain and spinal cord. Responsibilities include receiving, processing and responding to sensory info.
- 56. A structure in the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. It is composed of the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. It is responsible for important survival functions like breathing, consciousness, blood pressure, heart rate and sleep.
Down
- 1. When networks of brain cells change through growth and reorganization forming new connections and circuits.
- 2. The brain floats in a pool of.
- 4. The largest part of the brain. Divided into two halves, this part of the brain controls muscle functions, speech, thought, emotions, reading, writing and learning.
- 6. A type of neurotransmitter that helps with mood regulation, eating, sleep, dreaming, arousal and impulse control. Drugs that inhibit the reuptake of this neurotransmitter have been found to be useful in treating mental illnesses such as depression. An example of a drug that does this is fluoxetine (Prozac).
- 11. Drugs that facilitate postsynaptic effects are called. Examples include nicotine and cocaine.
- 12. The part of the peripheral nervous system that receives sensory information and controls the movement of skeletal muscles.
- 13. Located beneath the structure with a similar name, this structure controls the autonomic nervous system, the endocrine system and organizes behavior related to survival like fighting, escape, eating and reproduction.
- 14. A framework made of three types of protein strands that form the interior of a neuron.
- 15. A type of drug used to treat depression. It works by stopping the breakdown of certain chemicals in the brain which helps improve mood.
- 17. Part of the cerebral cortex that is most directly responsible for movement.
- 19. An amino acid that is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord. Full name is gamma-aminobutyric acid.
- 20. Part of the brain that connects the two hemispheres. Like a telephone, this structure enables each region of the brain to know what the other is doing.
- 22. A cell that controls movement behavior.
- 23. One of the three main divisions of the brain, it is in the back and surrounds the fourth ventricle. It has two major areas: metencephalon and the myelencephalon. These areas help coordinate movements, regulate sleep and wake cycles, and control important functions like heart rate, breathing, and muscle tone.
- 26. This part of the brain helps turn learned behaviors into automatic, routine actions, like brushing your teeth or riding a bike. It also plays a role in controlling movement. Problems in this area are linked to Parkinson’s disease, which affects how people move.
- 29. Generally located in the center of a cell, this structure contains chromosomes which make proteins. Can also be used to refer to the inner portion of an atom.
- 32. A system consisting of nerves that form a connection between the central nervous system and the body parts. Examples include nerves that go to the skin or muscles.
- 34. A type of neurotransmitter involved in voluntary movement, attention, learning, reinforcement, planning and problem solving. This neurotransmitter also reinforces the effects of drugs that people tend to abuse.
- 36. One of four parts of the cerebrum, this part is responsible for auditory processing and speech.
- 37. Mostly gray matter and located in the diencephalon, this structure regulates consciousness and alertness as well as relaying sensory and motor signals.
- 38. The soma is the part of a cell that contains the nucleus and the machinery needed for the cell's life processes, such as providing energy.
- 42. One of four parts of the cerebrum, this part is responsible for vision.
- 43. One of four parts of the cerebrum, this part is responsible for receiving sensory info from the body like touching a hot stove.
- 44. A type of neurohormone (chemical made by nerve cells which signals other cells). These are important in stress responses as high levels can cause high blood pressure which leads to headaches, sweating, heart pounding, chest pain and anxiety. Examples of these neurohormones are dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline.
- 45. A fatty substance that provides insulation for the electrical messages transmitted along the axon membrane. Looks like a pool noodle.
- 46. Refers to the small grooves within the folded cerebral cortex.
- 47. A system that includes the limbic cortex, the hippocampus and the amygdala. This system is involved in learning, memory, emotions and recognizing emotions in others.
- 52. A belief that the mind is made of matter and produced by the brain.