Across
- 2. manager’s toolkit – adjusting Product, Price, Place, and Promotion to influence consumer demand.
- 4. Control
- 6. Economic Approach ignores emotion, culture, and relationships, making it insufficient for building long-term brand meaning.
- 8. Logic
- 10. Cost Theory
- 11. Research
- 12. Approach
- 14. reduce friction and risk in buying by signaling quality and simplifying consumer choices.
- 15. Consumer
- 16. brands through the 4 Ps (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) to maximize efficiency, sales, and market share.
Down
- 1. immediate sales and results over long-term emotional or cultural brand building.
- 3. causal methods (like scanner data and experiments) used to link marketing actions to sales outcomes.
- 5. the brand can be fully controlled by managers through rational decision-making and optimization of the 4 Ps.
- 7. Focus
- 9. maximum sales or impact with minimum marketing cost – the main goal of the Economic Approach.
- 10. “economic man” who makes logical, value-for-money decisions based on facts, not feelings.
- 13. Mix (4 Ps)
