Across
- 1. Material behavior characterized by large plastic deformation occurring with little or no increase in load. The material is beginning to fail.
- 3. Material behavior characterized by permanent deformation. Load-induced deformations remain, even after the load is removed.
- 5. A load that varies in both magnitude and location. Includes occupancy, traffic, wind, snow, and earthquake loads.
- 9. Purpose, how something is used by people.
- 12. A flexible structural element that carries load entirely in tension and changes its shape in response to the applied loading.
- 13. A material’s capacity to undergo large, permanent deformation before failing, measured as the strain at fracture or the width of the material’s stress-strain curve.
- 14. The largest stress a material can withstand before it fractures in tension, measured as the height of the material’s stress-strain curve.
- 17. A graphical problem-solving tool showing a body, isolated from its surroundings, annotated with all forces acting on that body.
- 21. A configuration in which a structural element is subjected only to loads aligned with its longitudinal axis (in tension or compression).
- 23. A physical object.
- 24. A structure consisting of elements arranged in interconnected triangles. These elements carry load primarily in tension or compression.
- 29. An internal force that causes a structural element to elongate.
- 30. An assembly of interconnected structural elements that transmits load from its point of application to the ground.
- 32. The study of forces acting on bodies.
- 33. A physical connection between a structure and its surroundings.
- 34. An external force that occurs at a support to keep a structure or structural element in equilibrium.
- 35. A change in the shape or dimension of an object.
- 37. A material’s resistance to elastic deformation, stiffness, measured as the slope of the lower (elastic) portion of the material’s stress-strain curve.
- 38. A structural element that, because of its shape and support configuration, carries load primarily in compression.
Down
- 2. A load that is permanent and unchanging. Includes the weight of the structure itself, plus any nonstructural elements that are permanently attached to the structure.
- 4. A condition in which all forces acting on a body are in balance. A body in this condition is not moving (or is moving at a constant velocity).
- 6. The area of a cross-section, expressed in units of length squared.
- 7. The load-carrying elements of a building, bridge, or tower.
- 8. The tendency of a force to cause rotation about a point. Aka torque.
- 10. A push or a pull characterized by a magnitude and a direction.
- 11. The largest stress a material can withstand before failing.
- 12. An internal force that causes a structural element to shorten.
- 15. A structural element that is subjected to transverse loading and carries load in bending.
- 16. Appearance, reflected in physical features like shape, scale, proportion, and ornament.
- 18. The force generated within a structural element in response to external forces. Can be either tension or compression.
- 19. A dimensionless measure of the intensity of deformation.
- 20. The application of math, science, and technology to create a system, component, or process that meets a human need.
- 22. A graph of stress versus strain, used to characterize the engineering properties of a material.
- 25. The intensity of internal force measured in terms of force per unit area (ie psi)
- 26. An external force acting on a structure.
- 27. The geometric shape formed by cutting through a structural element on a plane perpendicular to its length.
- 28. A structural element that carries load primarily in compression; also called a compression member.
- 29. A structural element that carries load primarily in tension (ie by elongating).
- 31. A body at rest remains at rest and a body in motion remains in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
- 36. Material behavior characterized by non-permanent deformations. Deformations disappear when the load is removed.