Across
- 2. The first of the Four Noble Truths, the basic Buddhist insight that suffering is part of the human condition.
- 4. An ancient language of India, similar to Sanskrit but more commonly understood, and used in the writing of the earliest Buddhist texts; most important for Theravada Buddhism.
- 7. The Buddhist community of monks and nuns; one of Three Jewels of Buddhism.
- 9. One of the Three Marks of Existence; the Buddhist doctrine that all existent things are constantly changing.
- 10. One who has become enlightened; the ideal type for Theravada Buddhism.
- 11. The basic moral requirements that are binding for all Buddhists.
- 15. The teachings of the Buddha, and one of the Three Jewels of Buddhism.
- 17. The spiritual leader of Vajrayana Buddhism, believed to be an incarnation of the bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara.
- 19. One of the Three Marks of Existence; the Buddhist doctrine denying a permanent self.
- 21. Siddhartha Guatama and all others who have by their own insight attained perfect enlightenment.
- 22. The largest of Buddhism’s three divisions, prevalent in China, Japan, and Korea; encompasses a variety of forms, including those that emphasize devotion and prayer to the Buddhas and bodhisattvas.
Down
- 1. A basic Buddhist teaching that rejects both the pleasures of sensual indulgence and the self-denial of asceticism, focusing instead on a practical approach to spiritual attainment.
- 3. Named for the vajra, the Buddha’s diamond scepter; prevalent form of Buddhism in Tibet; emphasizes the harnessing of sensual energies to attain nirvana.
- 5. The fourth of the Four Noble Truths; defines the basic practices of Buddhism that lead to nirvana.
- 6. Patterned icons that visually excite; used in Vajrayana Buddhism to enhance meditation.
- 8. Characteristics that summarize the changing nature of reality: anatta (no-self), anicca (impermanence), and dukkha (suffering).
- 11. The central teachings of Buddhism: to live is to experience suffering; suffering is caused by desire; the cessation of suffering can be achieved; the solution is the Noble Eightfold Path.
- 12. Prevalent form of Buddhism in Cambodia, Burma, Sri Lanka, and Thailand; focuses on the earliest texts and emphasizes monastic lifestyle.
- 13. Phrases or syllables chanted to evoke a deity or to enhance meditation; used in Hinduism and Buddhism, especially in Vajrayana.
- 14. Future Buddhas. As the ideal types for Mahayana Buddhism, beings who have experienced enlightenment but, motivated by compassion, stop short of entering nirvana so as to help others achieve it.
- 16. Choreographed hand movements used in the rituals of Vajrayana Buddhism.
- 18. The ultimate goal of all Buddhists, the extinction of desire and any sense of individual selfhood, resulting in liberation from samsara and its limiting conditions.
- 20. The second of the Four Noble Truths, selfish desire, which causes dukkha.