Across
- 5. The S of steeple means ___.
- 8. is defined as the proportion of employees leaving within a given period.
- 10. involves selling new products in the organisation’s existing market, often to existing customers.
- 11. a powerful tool that allows corporations to access financing more easily than sole traders and partnerships.
- 15. ___ is ever-present in business decision-making.
- 17. indicates to what extent corruption is a problem in individual countries.
- 21. include individuals who work for the company but who are not responsible for managing other employees.
- 26. determines how tasks are divided and coordinated, who employees report to, who has the authority to define tasks to employees and what the role of each employee is.
- 27. five categories of leadership style.
- 29. arrangements whereby the public sector enlists the help of a private sector organisation in order to meet its objectives more efficiently.
- 31. is both one of the most simple and one of the most useful tools taught in Business.
- 32. are intangible products that cannot be touched.
- 36. the function that makes sure the business employs the correct number of appropriately skilled employees in order to produce its products or deliver its services.
- 38. usually a written document that describes all the aspects of a new enterprise in terms of the product or business idea, marketing, finance, operations, and human resources.
- 43. the service sector that focuses on knowledge.
- 44. involve the creation of a new company by two or more 'parent' companies. Formed in order to carry out an aim or objective that might be difficult for each of the parent companies to achieve on its own.
- 46. non-profit organisations that exist to benefit the public. Charities enjoy tax advantages under UK law.
- 47. this term implies that one firm purchases another firm.
- 48. refers to expansion that is carried out by the organisation itself, without working with a partner.
- 49. Creative individuals who are encouraged to take risks and innovate within large corporations.
- 50. an organisation that is owned by its members who come together to work towards a common interest.
Down
- 1. The ratio of the number of employees that leave a company through attrition, dismissal, or resignation during a period to the number of employees on payroll during the same period.
- 2. includes all organisations owned by individuals or groups of individuals
- 3. make financial services available to individuals whose needs would otherwise not be met by traditional financial institutions like banks.
- 4. describes the behaviour of business owners who choose not to grow their business because the existing enterprise meets their financial needs.
- 6. the ability of a leader or manager to make decisions with little or no outside input.
- 7. used to describe a prolonged or particularly severe recession.
- 9. refers to the case where GDP decreases for two or more quarters.
- 12. stresses the importance of having basic needs met so that other higher order needs – psychological and self-fulfilment needs – can then be satisfied.
- 13. describes the case when the average unit cost of production actually increases as the level of output increases. This increase in average unit cost is usually explained by the difficulty of managing very large operations.
- 14. refers to corporations’ obligations to society at large as well as the environment.
- 16. involve two or sometimes more organisations working together to realise a set of common objectives. The relationship between the companies may be spelled out in a contractual agreement; however, no new entity is created and the original organisations remain intact.
- 18. are owned by a relatively small number of shareholders, who may find it difficult to sell their shares if they wish to 'cash out' and use the funds for another purpose.
- 19. refers to the case where the average unit cost of production decreases as the level of output increases, where unit cost refers to the cost of producing a single unit of output. In business, the explanation for this reduction in unit costs is usually described as resulting from purchasing, technical, marketing, managerial, and financial economies of scale.
- 20. is when the employees are available within the organisation.
- 22. organisations that engage in business activity but that have also set themselves important goals in terms of improving society or protecting the environment.
- 23. an employee may be doing a job that doesn't correspond exactly to their abilities and qualifications. They may leave if they have the opportunity of a job that better suits their qualifications and needs.
- 24. involves selling existing products to new customers.
- 25. any individual or group that affects an organisation or is affected by it.
- 28. the cost of borrowing money.
- 30. the ability of a leader or manager to give employees minimal direction and large amounts of freedom to make decisions and find their own methods of accomplishing objectives.
- 33. when the employee seeks to make a positive contribution with their work for the greater good.
- 34. when employees change jobs for a period of time to learn a new task within a work process.
- 35. rewards are paid to the employee in addition to their salary, such as a company car, housing allowance or free meals.
- 37. refer to the cost of one country’s currency in terms of another country’s currency.
- 39. exist to protect employees’ livelihoods and rights, and as such are important stakeholders for many organisations.
- 40. a system of administration with clear hierarchical structure in which people are expected to follow precisely defined rules and procedures.
- 41. refers to expansion that is carried out by the organisation itself, without working with a partner.
- 42. the use of strategic and creative thinking that inspires people to meet challenges and accomplish defined goals.
- 45. entails giving employees greater responsibility in deciding how to perform their job.