Across
- 3. the formal, permanent split between the Byzantine (Eastern Orthodox) Church in Constantinople and the Roman Catholic Church in Rome
- 4. a vast, dry, treeless grassland spanning from Eastern Europe to Mongolia
- 5. the capital city of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire from 330 to 1453 CE
- 10. intricate pictures made from tiny pieces of colored glass, stone, or gold, used primarily to decorate church walls, ceilings, and domes
- 11. a collection of Roman laws organized by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I around 529–534 CE
- 12. a writing system developed in the 9th–10th century AD
Down
- 1. state-sanctioned Christian church (Eastern Orthodoxy) that used Greek language, liturgy, and culture, operating as the official religion
- 2. In the context of the Byzantine Empire and its neighbors, a tsar was a Slavic term for an emperor or supreme ruler, directly derived from the Latin word
- 6. one of the highest-ranking bishops in the Christian Church, acting as the supreme spiritual leader for a major city or region
- 7. a historic 6th-century monument in Istanbul, Turkey, built by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I
- 8. sacred, stylized images of holy figures
- 9. a powerful Mongol-Turkic state that ruled over a vast area of Eastern Europe, Russia, and Central Asia from the 1240s until 1502