C2S: L15 - Muscle and nerve cells - Part A

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Across
  1. 3. The _-____ is comprised of myosin filaments, and overlaps with actin filaments.
  2. 4. Desmosomes are a form of ______ adheren and prevent separation of muscle cells during contraction.
  3. 6. In white muscle fibres, TypeIIB/IIX contain only a few _________.
  4. 11. The ________-________ junction is the strongest part of a muscle.
  5. 12. Skeletal muscles are ____________, like cardiac muscle, and range from 1mm to 30cm in length in humans.
  6. 14. _____-_ muscle cells tend to contract slowly and without as much force as the other muscle cell type. Having said that, their contraction is sustained for longer.
  7. 17. The _-____ is comprised of protein mediated connections between myosin filaments. These proteins include myomesin and M-protein.
  8. 18. Multiunit type smooth muscle are found in the walls of ______ _________ (2 words)
  9. 21. Fascia adherens is a form of junction that anchors ____ to the nearest sarcomere.
  10. 22. Multiunit type smooth muscle is different from visceral smooth muscle as it is ____________ by a single nerve terminal.
  11. 23. Cardiac muscle is known as _________ striated muscle.
  12. 25. Type 1 muscle cells, found in high proportions in red muscle fibres, are what you would expect to be the predominant muscle fibre type in ________ runners.
  13. 26. Multiunit type smooth muscle never contracts ___________. This doesn't mean it requires conscious input like skeletal muscle, however it does mean that multiunit type smooth muscle receives directed input.
  14. 29. Visceral type smooth muscle are bundles of cells connected by GAP junctions, and contract spontaneously if __________.
  15. 30. Type 1 muscle cells have very high populations of _______ and mitochondria.
  16. 31. Cardiac muscle nuclei are large, _______, and located in the centre of the muscle fibre.
  17. 33. One of the most important attributes of cardiac muscle is intercalated discs. Intercalated discs prevent the muscle cells from _________ apart from one another.
  18. 34. Muscle _________ are specialised sensory tissue, and don't directly contribute to the contractions of muscles.
  19. 36. The _______ nervous system supplies skeletal muscle, allowing for voluntary contractions.
  20. 38. Muscle spindles detect the level of _________ in a muscle fibre and provides feedback to the CNS to regulate it via a change in contraction. That is, and intense (potentially damaging) ________ will be halted by a response by the spinal cord, whereas an easier _________ will be regulated by the brain (and conscious decision).
  21. 39. Tendons _______ muscle to bone.
  22. 40. The _-____ is primarily comprised of actin.
Down
  1. 1. The _-____ is the a band that has only myosin filaments, but is not the M-band.
  2. 2. Purkinje fibres are thicker than ordinary _______ muscle cells.
  3. 5. In white muscle fibres, contraction is fast and _________ activity is high.
  4. 6. Actin filaments (part of the Z-line, A-band, and I-band) are mobile during skeletal muscle contractions, whereas _______ in the A-bands are static.
  5. 7. Type 2 muscle cells are predominantly found in white muscle fibres, and contain less myoglobin and are _________ than Type 1 muscle cells.
  6. 8. This junction is the point of contact between a muscle cell and a nerve.
  7. 9. Replacing the Z-line of the myofibrils at the terminal end of a cardiac muscle cells are ___________ _____ (2 words)
  8. 10. This organelle is found on the periphery of skeletal muscle, and each cell may have more than 100 of this organelle, depending on the cell's length.
  9. 13. Cardiac muscle cell excitation is mediated by __________ active modified muscle cells.
  10. 15. A sarcomere starts and ends with a _-____ (2 words).
  11. 16. The _________ is an example of a muscle that is comprised of skeletal muscle (hint: The pokemon, Lickitung, uses this part of its body to defend itself.)
  12. 17. Broadly, there are 2 types of smooth muscle: Visceral, and _________.
  13. 19. Different types of ___________ muscle fibres and nerve endings allow the perception of velocity, position, and acceleration of a contraction in muscles.
  14. 20. Cross _________ are exhibited in skeletal and cardiac muscle.
  15. 24. Cardic muscle is innervated by the __________ nervous system, which adjusts the force and frequency of the heart beat.
  16. 27. There is no _________ connection between muscles cells and the synaptic end bulb, but a small gap to allow communication to occur.
  17. 28. This junction type allows action potentials to spread between muscle cells.
  18. 32. One _____ neuron will innervate multiple muscle fibres (between 10-100), however, each individual muscle fibre is controlled by only one neuron. This is to avoid conflicting nerve messages.
  19. 35. Branches of the _________ fibre bundle contact ordinary cardiac muscle cells in a similar to that of the intercalcated discs.
  20. 37. The Z-line is a zone of apposition of actin filaments belonging to two different sarcomeres, and this is mediated by a protein called _______-actin.