C2S Lecture 25/26 (crossword 2) - alpha and beta receptors, drugs, etc.

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  1. 3. a selective antagonist at alpha 1 and 2 adrenoceptors. Dilation of blood vessels – can help with hypertension.
  2. 5. for smooth muscle CONTRACTION (potency at ALPHA recetors): Phenylephrine > ___________ > adrenaline >>> isoprenaline (opposite potency at beta receptors).
  3. 6. a drug that is a specific agonist for ONLY beta-2 receptors (bronchi dilation, skeletal muscle BV dilation). Used to treat asthma, but without the heart palpation side effects of isoprenaline (targets both B1 and B2).
  4. 8. beta 3 recptors can be found in ___ cells. Stimulation causes lipolysis.
  5. 10. a selective antagonist at beta adrenoceptors. Slows rate and force of HEART contraction. Potential therapeutic use in angina/hypertension/arrhythmias. BUT WORSENS ASTHMA in patients with asthma.
  6. 11. isoprenaline, a beta AGONIST, was used to _________ airways in asthma patients. BUT, also caused severe heart palpitations and an increase in heart rate (Beta receptors in heart).
  7. 13. both ____________ (a beta agonist) and propranolol (a beta antagonist) bind to BOTH beta ONE and TWO receptors. This causes side effects. Eg when propranolol given to decrease blood pressure (ANTAGONIST at heart) it worsens asthma (ANTAGONIST at bronchi). Eg. When isoprenaline given for asthma (agonist at lungs – dilates bronchi) it causes heart palpations (agonist at heart). Drugs have been developed to target EITHER beta one or two now.
  8. 16. PHENYLEPHRINE is an AGONIST (stimulates) at _______ adrenoceptors. (present in blood vessels, GIT, pupils etc)
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  1. 1. beta receptor antagonists end in ____ (4 letters) eg propranolol (B1 and B2 antagonist – heart, kidney, bronchi) and atenolol (B1 antagonist – heart, kidney).
  2. 2. beta ___ receptors can be found in the heart (increase heart rate and force) and kidney (increase renin secretion – RAAS system – increase BP).
  3. 3. an agonist at alpha one adrenoceptors. SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION. (constricts blood vessels, dilates pupil, constricts GIT sphincters – flight or fight) acts as a decongestant (page 7, slide 2-3).
  4. 4. propranolol is a selective antagonist at _____ adrenoceptors. (same receptors where isoprenaline is an agonist). It can decrease blood pressure by decreasing force and rate of contraction, yet can worsen asthma (bronchoconstriction).
  5. 7. isoprenaline is a potent _________ at beta receptors. Increases heart rate and force (possible uses in heart failure patients) indirectly stimulates dilation of airways (asthma uses). When used to treat asthma patients though causes heart palpatations.
  6. 9. beta ___ receptors can be found in skeletal blood vessels and bronchi (dilate in both cases when INDIRECTLY stimulated by adrenaline released by adrenal medulla).
  7. 12. isoprenaline is an agonist at _____ beta one and two receptors.
  8. 14. phentolamine is an __________ at alpha receptors, the same receptors where phenylephrine is an agonist.
  9. 15. for smooth muscle RELAXATION and an __________ in HEART RATE (potency at BETA receptors): isoprenaline > adrenaline > noradrenaline >>> phenylephrine (opposite potency at alpha receptors).