Across
- 2. wrote the Almagest which means “the greatest”
- 5. For the Greeks, this was the main discipline of mathematics.
- 6. The Pythagorean problem was complicated because the heavenly bodies move in complicated ways, and they needed to use spheres even though the motion of the planets wasn’t _____.
- 11. The reason Plato’s Pythagorean approach didn’t advance was due to the difficulty of applying mathematics to the _____ world.
- 14. According to Aristotle, _____ rises because its natural resting place is just inside the moon’s orbit.
- 16. We say gravity causes a dropped ball to fall and Aristotle says that the ball’s _____ causes it to fall.
- 17. The ancient Greeks believed that terrestrial objects were composed of four elements: earth, air, fire, and _____.
- 18. Aristotle was interested in Plato’s project and modified Eudoxus’s celestial system of spheres, making it more accurate by increasing the number of spheres to more than _____.
- 21. forces acting on the lever cancel each other out or make the lever balanced
- 22. Eudoxus used this many spheres to describe the motion of all the heavenly bodies, which was not exact but came closer than others.
- 26. Aristotle believed the celestial spheres were transparent _____ spheres composed of ether or quintessence.
- 30. It was easier to describe the motion of these kinds of objects than to mathematically describe the motion of earthly, or terrestrial objects.
- 31. replaces Aristotle as the ruler of science after the Scientific Revolution
- 32. one of the main goals of science is to understand change in mathematical _____
- 33. Aristotle believed forms were actually in earthly objects, making them more _____ to describe mathematically.
- 35. For most of Western history, science was called _____ philosophy.
- 36. Aristotle, unlike Plato, denied there was a world of these, but believed they existed in their own realm
- 37. name of the project uncovering the mathematical order of nature that hides behind the chaotic appearances
- 38. Pythagoras and Plato gave the problem of _____a mathematical twist
- 39. What makes Aristotle’s law of fall false is that the reason a heavier thing falls faster is because it can cut through the _____ faster.
Down
- 1. discipline that studies forces acting on stationary objects in water or some other fluid
- 3. means the measurement of triangles
- 4. Greek word meaning nature and source of our word physics
- 7. thought mathematics was the most secure kind of knowledge
- 8. discipline that studies forces acting on stationary objects
- 9. main goal Mr. Stokes mentions in his book is to understand the _____ fundamentals of calculus
- 10. doing this to motion means attaching numbers to it
- 12. describing nature mathematically is this
- 13. Plato, inspired by the Pythagoreans was to mathematically describe the _____ motions
- 15. Archimedes’s Principle is that any solid lighter than a _____ will, if placed in the fluid, be so far immersed that the weight of the solid will be equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.
- 19. Medieval Scholastics paraphrased Aristotle’s goal of physics with this famous saying: “Ignorance of motion is _____ of nature.”
- 20. Aristotle said the _____ of change has to do with the object’s nature.
- 23. Euclid’s Elements about mathematics contained none of these, only theorems and proofs about shapes.
- 24. means “I found it.”
- 25. Plato and Eudoxus were not concerned with the _____ of the motion of the planets, they just wanted to accurately describe it.
- 27. in describing nature with mathematics we encounter problems with change in ______ (space, time, numbers, that have problems with continuity and infinity)
- 28. a student of Plato who was the first to answer Plato’s challenge. He solved the problem using 4 spheres rotating about one another to describe the motion of Mercury.
- 29. this kind of speed is incoherent because no distance can be travelled in an instant, yet when we observe an object in motion it seems moving, not still
- 34. combination of Aristotle with Christianity