cancer biology

5. Process of new blood vessel formation; tumors hijack this to grow.
9. Enzyme that extends chromosome ends; reactivated in many cancers.
10. Spread of cancer cells to distant sites.
12. Hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome caused by mismatch repair defects.
13. Malignant tumor of connective tissue origin (bone, muscle, fat).

1. Treatment strategy harnessing the immune system (e.g., checkpoint inhibitors).
2. A gene-expression test used in breast cancer prognosis.
3. Describes substances that damage genetic materia
4. Growth factor receptor amplified in some breast cancers; target of trastuzumab.
6. Agent that increases mutation rate in DNA.
7. Regulatory pathway in the cell cycle or immune system, often exploited by tumors.
8. Malignant tumor of epithelial origin (most common cancer type).
11. Benign gland-forming epithelial tumor; can be a precursor to carcinoma.