Across
- 2. an abnormal heart sound detected late in diastole as resistance is met to blood entering either ventricle during atrial contraction; most often caused by hypertrophy of the ventricle
- 7. blood pressure that is persistently greater than 130/80 mm Hg
- 9. an abnormal heart sound detected early in diastole as resistance is met to blood entering either ventricle; most often due to volume overload associated with heart failure
- 11. click abnormal systolic sound created by the opening of a calcified aortic or pulmonic valve during ventricular contraction
- 12. the process of continuous electrocardiographic monitoring by the transmission of radio waves from a battery-operated transmitter worn by the patient
- 13. return of the cell to resting state, caused by reentry of potassium into the cell while sodium exits the cell
- 15. conduction system specialized heart cells strategically located throughout the heart that are responsible for methodically generating and coordinating the transmission of electrical impulses to the myocardial cells
- 17. a decrease in blood pressure to less than 90/60 mm Hg that compromises systemic perfusion
- 19. ischemia condition in which heart muscle cells receive less oxygen than needed
- 20. gallop abnormal sounds created by the presence of an S3 and S4 during periods of tachycardia
- 23. hypotension a significant drop in blood pressure (20 mm Hg systolic or more or 10 mm Hg diastolic or more) after an upright posture is assumed
- 24. unstable atoms that give off small amounts of energy in the form of gamma rays as they decay; used in cardiac nuclear medicine studies
- 25. output amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in liters per minute
- 28. period of ventricular contraction resulting in ejection of blood from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery and aorta
- 30. period of ventricular relaxation resulting in ventricular filling
- 31. muscle layer of the heart responsible for the pumping action of the heart
- 32. impulse impulse normally palpated at the fifth intercostal space, left midclavicular line; caused by contraction of the left ventricle (synonym: point of maximal impulse)
- 34. node secondary pacemaker of the heart, located in the right atrial wall near the tricuspid valve
Down
- 1. sounds created by abnormal, turbulent flow of blood in the heart
- 2. node primary pacemaker of the heart, located in the right atrium
- 3. degree of stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole
- 4. catheterization an invasive procedure used to measure cardiac chamber pressures and assess patency of the coronary arteries
- 5. deficit the difference between the apical and radial pulse rates
- 6. stress test a test used to evaluate the functioning of the heart during a period of increased oxygen demand; test may be initiated by exercise or medications
- 8. the first heart sound produced by closure of the atrioventricular (mitral and tricuspid) valves
- 9. vascular resistance resistance to blood flow out of the left ventricle created by the systemic circulatory system
- 10. nerve fibers located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries that are responsible for control of the blood pressure
- 14. fraction percentage of the end-diastolic blood volume ejected from the ventricle with each heartbeat
- 16. the amount of resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle
- 18. snaps abnormal diastolic sounds generated during opening of rigid atrioventricular valve leaflets
- 21. heart sounds sounds produced when the valves close; normal heart sounds are S1 (atrioventricular valves) and S2 (semilunar valves)
- 22. volume amount of blood ejected from one of the ventricles per heartbeat
- 26. coronary syndrome a constellation of signs and symptoms due to the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque and resultant partial or complete thrombosis within a diseased coronary artery
- 27. electrical activation of a cell caused by the influx of sodium into the cell while potassium exits the cell
- 28. the second heart sound produced by closure of the semilunar (aortic and pulmonic) valves
- 29. ability of the cardiac muscle to shorten in response to an electrical impulse
- 33. vascular resistance resistance to blood flow out of the right ventricle created by the pulmonary circulatory system