CARDIAC CONCEPT

5. ; Pathological thickening of small arteries and arterioles, often associated with chronic hypertension and diabetes.
7. Node;Natural pacemaker of the heart.
10. ;Heart muscle.
11. Regurgitation ; The valvular disorder in which blood flows backward into the left ventricle during diastole.
12. ; The iron-storage protein whose low serum levels can worsen oxygen delivery in chronic cardiac failure.
14. Infarction ; A type of myocardial infarction limited to the inner one-third of the ventricular wall due to ischemia.
15. Triad ; The three major risk factors for thrombosis: endothelial injury, stasis of blood flow, and hypercoagulability.
16. Cardiomyopathy ; A condition where ventricular dilation and impaired systolic function occur, often leading to heart failure.
17. Infarction ;A type of myocardial infarction limited to the inner one-third of the ventricular wall due to ischemia.
18. Starling Law ; The physiological principle stating that stroke volume increases in response to increased ventricular filling (preload).
19. Stenosis ; A valvular disease most commonly caused by rheumatic fever, resulting in obstruction of left atrial emptying.
20. Monitoring ; A continuous 24–48 hour ambulatory ECG recording used to detect arrhythmias.

1. I and T ; Cardiac-specific biomarkers released into the bloodstream after myocardial cell death, used in diagnosing acute MI.
2. to widen narrowed arteries.
3. sac surrounding the heart.
4. Fibrillation ; A supraventricular arrhythmia characterized by chaotic atrial activity and irregularly irregular ventricular rhythm.
6. Tamponade ;A medical emergency where fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac compresses the heart and impairs filling.
8. of the heart lining.
9. ;Upper chamber of the heart that receives blood.
13. Hypertension ; A hypertensive emergency characterized by rapidly rising blood pressure (>180/120 mmHg) with end-organ damage.