Cardiac Output

3. ______ nervous system will decrease heart rate
5. pressure the ventricles must overcome to eject blood and is affected by hypertension. affects ESV.
7. phase of ventricular contraction; the top number of a blood pressure reading
9. ________ nervous system will increase heart rate and contractility of the heart
12. ______ _____; volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
14. _____ _____; volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle with each beat

1. contractile strength at given muscle length, independent of muscle stretch and EDV. affects ESV
2. the heart at rest exhibits a ______ tone, where it is dominated by the parasympathetic division
4. cardiac ______; maximal cardiac output minus resting cardiac output
6. ___ _________ volume; volume where the ventricle is the least full
8. _____ _____; number of beats per minute
10. phase of ventricular relaxation; the bottom number of a blood pressure reading
11. ____ ___________ volume; volume where the ventricle is the fullest
13. degree of stretch of cardiac muscle cells before they contract, affects EDV