Cardiovascular

3. The left ventricle of the heart is thicker because of the increased
5. These aortic and pulmonary valves prevent backflow into the ventricles …. …..
7. The circuit on the left side of the heart pumps blood throughout the body
8. This circuit on the right side of the heart receives oxygen poor blood from the body
10. This hormone during sympathetic nervous system activation (adrenal medulla)can enhance heart rate and contractility
12. Cardiac output = heartrate X …… ……
14. This can increase heart rate by enhancing the metabolic rate of cardiac cells which can result from fever or as an effect of exercise (working muscles generate this)

1. Primary aim of the hearts pumping action between cardiac output and venous return
2. Type of heart failure where the heart pumping is inefficient, leading to blood damming
4. The left ventricle of the heart is thicker because this is increased
6. When blood volume drops sharply the stroke volume declines the cardiac output is maintained by positive chronotropic factors by increasing ….. ….and
9. Form beds where gas exchange takes place
11. sympathetic stimulation increasing calcium promoting ventricular
13. Along with Gender, exercise and temperature this can also influence the heart rate