Across
- 3. The volume of blood pumped out by the heart ventricles per minute.
- 5. Relays impulse between the upper and lower sections of the heart.
- 7. Where the athlete is able to meet the demands with the oxygen supply.
- 10. Nervous System that makes the heart beat slower.
- 11. When the heart relaxes to fill with blood.
- 13. The thickening of the muscular wall of the heart so that it becomes bigger and stronger, larger ventricular cavity.
- 18. Nervous System that makes the heart beat faster.
- 19. The return of blood to the right side of the heart via the vena cava.
- 20. The volume of blood pumped out by the heart ventricles in each contraction.
- 21. When the blood vessel widens to increase blood flow into the capillaries.
- 22. Location of the muscle where aerobic respiration takes place.
- 23. The leading cause of deaths in the world. Occurs when the coronary arteries become blocked/narrowed by a collection of fatty deposits.
- 26. Muscle fibres that conduct impulses in the walls of the ventricles
- 28. Found in the carotid arteries, sense a change in chemicals. Detect an increase in CO2 in the blood. An increase in CO2 will result in the sympathetic nervous system being stimulated.
- 29. sensory nerve endings in the muscles, tendons and joints that detect muscle movement. Increase causes increase in HR
- 31. When the heart contracts.
- 32. Iron containing pigment in slow-twitch muscle fibres which has a slightly higher affinity for oxygen than haemoglobin. It stores oxygen in muscle fibres, can be used quickly during exercise.
- 33. The capacity of the heart to generate its own impulses.
- 34. Chest pain that occurs when the blood supply through the coronary arteries to the muscles of the heart is restricted.
- 35. The fluid part of the blood that surrounds blood cells, transporting them.
- 36. Sensors in tissues (nerve endings) that respond to the stretching of the arterial wall caused by changes in BP.
- 37. The pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are contracting.
- 40. The number of times the heart contracts per minute.
- 41. Part of brain that regulates breathing and HR
- 42. The percentage of blood pumped out by the left ventricle per beat.
- 43. Occurs when arteries harden and narrow as they become clogged up by fatty deposits.
- 44. The difference between the oxygen content of the arterial blood arriving at the muscles and the venous blood leaving the muscles.
Down
- 1. A collection of heart muscle cells that transmit electrical impulses from avn via bundle branches to ventricles.
- 2. When an increase in blood carbon dioxide and a decrease in PH reduces the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen.
- 4. The pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are relaxing.
- 6. The force exerted by the blood against the vessel wall.
- 8. A decrease in resting heart rate to below 60bpm.
- 9. Iron containing pigment found in red blood cells which combines with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin.
- 12. A fatty deposit found in the inner lining of an artery.
- 14. When the blood vessel narrows to decrease blood flow.
- 15. Characterised by a progressive decrease in stroke volume and blood pressure, together with a progressive rise in heart rate during prolonged exercise in a warm environment.
- 16. Stress hormone that is released by the sympathetic nerves and cardiac nerve during exercise.
- 17. Occurs when the blood supply to the brain is cut off.
- 24. Redistribution of cardiac output.
- 25. A small mass of cardiac muscle found in the wall of the right atrium that generates the heartbeat.(The pacemaker).
- 27. Increased venous return, causes greater diastolic filling, which causes the heart muscle to stretch further leading to a more forceful contraction and increased ejection fraction.
- 30. Deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart.
- 38. A measure of acidity. (Values less than 7 indicate acidity).
- 39. Oxygenated blood to the body from the heart and then the return of deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.