Across
- 2. a measure of stiffness; specifically, it is how changes in volume lead to changes in pressure
- 4. excess fluid in lung tissues that can make it hard to breathe (two words)
- 10. remodeling of cardiac muscle that results in dilated chambers
- 14. also known as diastolic dysfunction; the heart is having trouble relaxing between contractions (acronym)
- 18. factors influencing heart filling
- 19. shortness of breath that causes the patient to wake up at night (three words)
- 23. average pressure in the arteries (three words)
- 24. remodeling of cardiac muscle that results in thicker chamber walls
- 25. a bluish color to the skin or mucous membranes usually due to the lack of oxygen in the blood; decreased gas exchange
- 26. a system that is a critical regulator of blood volume and vascular resistance (acronym)
- 27. physical sign characterized by bulbous enlargement of the ends of fingers or toes
- 31. eye exam result indicating that the function of the patient’s eye muscles are normal (acronym)
- 32. a heart sound produced by a large amount of blood striking a very compliant left ventricle (Hint: LV miss-filling)
- 35. a procedure that uses ultrasound to look at tissues and organs inside the chest
- 38. the capability of the heart to pump, often referred to as the force of the pump
- 40. low blood pressure <90/60mmHg
- 41. adrenergic receptors involved in the “fight, flight, or freeze” system; located in the heart
- 43. this calculation is used to monitor individuals who are being treated with warfarin (acronym)
- 44. shortness of breath (breathlessness) when lying down, relieved by sitting or standing
- 48. amount of blood that is in the ventricles before a contraction (three words)
- 50. the condition in which the heart has trouble pumping blood through the body (three words)
- 52. these occur when the electrical signals that coordinate the heart’s beats don’t work properly
- 55. swelling caused by excess fluid in tissues
- 57. condition in which the blood flow (and thus oxygen) is restricted or reduced resulting in damage to tissues if not corrected
- 61. also known as systolic dysfunction; impaired ventricular contraction (acronym)
- 62. this class of receptor are part of the “rest and digest” system; different sub-types are located at places like the heart and vasculature
- 63. also known as the “fight, flight, or freeze” system (acronym)
- 64. a change in the size, shape, structure, and function of the heart chambers(two words)
- 66. flow of blood from the periphery back to the right atrium (two words)
- 67. structural unit of contractile muscle cells
- 68. measurement of this waste product can help estimate kidney function
- 69. amount of blood that the heart pumps per unit time, usually over one minute (two words)
- 70. eye exam result indicating that the patient’s pupil appearance and function are normal (acronym)
- 71. smooth muscles tightening blood vessels leading to a decrease in diameter
Down
- 1. supplies blood to the lungs (two words)
- 2. fraction of blood in the left ventricle that is pumped out during a single contraction, normal ~55% (two words)
- 3. another name for Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH); it increases water reabsorption without sodium
- 5. supplies blood to cardiac muscle (two words)
- 6. disorder where a thrombus forms in veins and could cause death if left untreated
- 7. increased pressure and volume in the superior vena cava causes the neck vein to bulge (three words)
- 8. occurs when the concentration of sodium in the blood is abnormally low
- 9. high blood cholesterol
- 11. the collection of processes that causes bleeding to stop, keeping blood within a damaged vessel
- 12. reflects the resistance and pressure inside veins (two words)
- 13. term often used to describe the basic measure of cardiovascular function (hint: stability)
- 14. high blood pressure >130/80mmHg
- 15. disease of large and medium-sized arteries that leads to wall thickening and loss of wall elasticity
- 16. when excess fluid builds up in the body (commonly the lower extremities) and a small indentation is left in the skin after pressure is applied (two words)
- 17. low-pitched sound that usually starts in the larger airways of the lungs when examining with a stethoscope
- 20. supplies blood to muscles, tissues, bones, and organs (two words)
- 21. symptom of an enlarged heart where the apex of the heart has shifted laterally (two words + acronym)
- 22. total resistance in the circulatory system that is a component of Mean Arterial Pressure (three words)
- 28. hormone produced by the heart and released in response to changes in pressure inside the heart (acronym)
- 29. a protein inside red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs; the measurement of this protein reflects the carrying capacity of oxygen
- 30. specialized receptors that detect changes in pressure and are located within the carotid sinuses and the aortic arch
- 33. adrenergic receptors involved in the “fight, flight, or freeze” system; located on vascular smooth muscle
- 34. a protein that is released into the blood from damaged myocardial muscle cells
- 36. shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, breathlessness
- 37. the inadequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to body tissues
- 39. lab test that determines the percentage of the blood that is composed of red blood cells
- 40. swelling of the liver and spleen beyond their normal size
- 42. a form of low blood pressure that happens when standing up from sitting or lying down (two words)
- 45. the build-up of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura surrounding the lungs (two words)
- 46. distention of the neck veins in response to firm pressure over the liver (two words)
- 47. enzymes found in the liver and when high levels are found in the blood can indicate liver damage (acronyms)
- 49. loss of physiological ability, specifically the inability of the heart to maintain adequate circulation
- 51. smooth muscles relaxing blood vessels leading to an increase in diameter
- 53. also known as the “rest and digest” system (acronym)
- 54. the number of breaths a person takes per minute; adult normal is about 12-20 breaths per minute (two words)
- 56. physical exam result indicating that there are no sounds in the patient’s lungs (acronym)
- 58. amount of blood that the heart pumps in a single contraction (two words)
- 59. factors opposing heart pumping (that need to be overcome)
- 60. urine output is lower than normal; <400mL/day in adults
- 65. abnormal rattling sound heard when examining lungs with a stethoscope