Cardiovascular Vocab HOlecheck

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Across
  1. 2. immunity is the aspect of immunity that is mediated by macromolecules found in extracellular fluids such as secreted antibodies, complement proteins, and certain antimicrobial peptides
  2. 4. type of white blood cell that is of key importance to the immune system and is at the core of adaptive immunity, the system that tailors the body's immune response to specific pathogens.
  3. 5. a medical condition in which the ability of the blood to clot is severely reduced, causing the sufferer to bleed severely from even a slight injury.
  4. 8. a serous membrane that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium and the outer surface of the heart.
  5. 9. any of the tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart.
  6. 10. tendinae colloquially known as the heart strings, are cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart.
  7. 12. the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries.
  8. 14. the formation of the blood
  9. 17. valves a valve in the heart through which blood flows from the atria to the ventricles. The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is the mitral (bicuspid) valve; the right AV valve is the tricuspid valve.
  10. 19. pressure the pressure of the blood in the circulatory system, often measured for diagnosis since it is closely related to the force and rate of the heartbeat and the diameter and elasticity of the arterial walls.
  11. 24. rate number of beats per unit of time.
  12. 25. a blood clot formed in situ within the vascular system of the body and impeding blood flow.
  13. 26. the action or process of a liquid, especially blood, changing to a solid or semi-solid state.
  14. 28. a small branch of an artery leading into capillaries.
  15. 33. conduction syste: is a group of specialized cardiac muscle cells in the walls of the heart that send signals to the heart muscle causing it to contract.
  16. 34. a tube-shaped sac attached to and opening into the lower end of the large intestine in humans and some other mammals.
  17. 36. a ductless, butterfly-shaped gland lying at the base of the neck, formed mostly of lymphatic tissue and aiding in the production of T cells of the immune system: after puberty, the lymphatic tissue gradually degenerates.
  18. 37. the thin, smooth membrane that lines the inside of the chambers of the heart and forms the surface of the valves.
  19. 40. colorless cell that circulates the blood and body fluids and is involved in counteracting foreign substances and disease
  20. 44. circuit is the portion of the cardiovascular system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart.
  21. 45. also known as a platelet
  22. 47. each of the two upper cavities of the heart from which blood is passed to the ventricles. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the veins of the body; the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein.
  23. 49. valves each of a pair of valves in the heart, at the bases of the aorta and the pulmonary artery, consisting of three cusps or flaps that prevent the flow of blood back into the heart.
  24. 50. deficiency of platelets in the blood. This causes bleeding into the tissues, bruising, and slow blood clotting after injury.
  25. 53. circuit is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
  26. 54. immunity is a mean by which the body is given immunity to a disease by intentional exposure to small quantities of it.
  27. 55. volume is the volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle per beat.
  28. 56. the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood.
  29. 58. a white blood cell with secretory granules in its cytoplasm, e.g., an eosinophil or a basophil.
  30. 60. immunity the short-term immunity that results from the introduction of antibodies from another person or animal.
  31. 62. the familiar red fluid in the body that contains red and white blood cells, platelets, proteins, and other elements
  32. 63. patches any of numerous large oval patches of closely aggregated nodules of lymphoid tissue in the walls of the small intestine
  33. 67. the colorless fluid part of blood, lymph, or milk, in which corpuscles or fat globules are suspended.
  34. 68. a large phagocytic white blood cell with a simple oval nucleus and clear, grayish cytoplasm.
  35. 70. a very small vein, especially one collecting blood from the capillaries.
  36. 71. a colorless fluid containing white blood cells, that bathes the tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream.
  37. 72. an insoluble protein formed from fibrinogen during the clotting of blood. It forms a fibrous mesh that impedes the flow of blood.
  38. 74. a malignant progressive disease in which the bone marrow and other blood-forming organs produce increased numbers of immature or abnormal leukocytes.
  39. 75. mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue is a diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various sub-mucosa membrane sites of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin.
Down
  1. 1. any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.
  2. 3. he membrane enclosing the heart, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner double layer of serous membrane.
  3. 6. a red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates. Its molecule comprises four subunits, each containing an iron atom bound to a heme group.
  4. 7. immunity the immunity that results from the production of antibodies by the immune system in response to the presence of an antigen.
  5. 11. production of red blood cells
  6. 13. the muscular tissue of the heart.
  7. 15. line of defense nonspecific resistance that destroys invaders in a generalized way without targeting specific individuals:
  8. 16. the stopping of flow of blood.
  9. 17. a reaction in which particles (as red blood cells or bacteria) suspended in a liquid collect into clumps and which occurs especially as a serological response to a specific antibody.
  10. 18. a record or display of a person's heartbeat produced by electrocardiography.
  11. 20. a form of small leukocyte (white blood cell) with a single round nucleus, occurring especially in the lymphatic system.
  12. 21. any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system by which bloodis conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body.
  13. 22. infarction another term for heart attack.
  14. 23. an abnormally increased concentration of hemoglobin in the blood, through either reduction of plasma volume or increase in red cell numbers.
  15. 27. muscle The papillary muscles are muscles located in the ventricles of the heart. They attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves (also known as the mitral and tricuspid valves) via the chordae tendineae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves on systole
  16. 29. an increase in the number of white cells in the blood, especially during an infection.
  17. 30. immunity is an immune response that does not involve antibodies, but rather involves the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.
  18. 31. node a small body of specialized muscle tissue in the wall of the right atrium of the heart that acts as a pacemaker by producing a contractile signal at regular intervals.
  19. 32. a condition marked by severe pain in the chest, often also spreading to the shoulders, arms, and neck, caused by an inadequate blood supply to the heart.
  20. 35. a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.
  21. 38. also known as mononuclear leukocytes, are white blood cells with a one-lobed nucleus. They are characterized by the absence of granules in their cytoplasm, which distinguishes them from granulocytes.
  22. 39. a compound that is released by cells in response to injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions, causing contraction of smooth muscle and dilation of capillaries.
  23. 41. red blood cell that contains hemoglobin, which transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from tissues
  24. 42. heightened blood pressure. arbitrarily defined as a systolic blood pressure above 140 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure above 90 mmHg.
  25. 43. a hollow part or cavity in an organ, in particular.
  26. 46. Any of the lymphocytes that develop into plasma cells in the presence of a specific antigen.
  27. 48. a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. Antibodies combine chemically with substances that the body recognizes as alien, such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign substances in the blood.
  28. 51. line of defense include your skin, tears, mucus, cilia, stomach acid, urine flow, 'friendly' bacteria and white blood cells called neutrophils.
  29. 52. immunity possessed by a group (as a species or race) that is present in an individual at birth prior to exposure to a pathogen or antigen and that includes components which provide an initial response against infection
  30. 57. a toxin or other foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.
  31. 59. tip of a pyramidal or rounded structure, such as the lung or the heart.
  32. 61. a condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells or of hemoglobin in the blood, resulting in pallor and weariness.
  33. 64. largest lymphatic organ in the body. also filters blood, serves as a major reservoir for blood, and destroys blood cells that are aged
  34. 65. either of two small masses of lymphoid tissue in the throat, one on each side of the root of the tongue.
  35. 66. a partition separating two chambers, such as that between the nostrils or the chambers of the heart
  36. 69. obstruction of an artery, typically by a clot of blood or an air bubble
  37. 73. A sound due to vibrations from the flow of blood through the heart or great vessels