Cattle Branding

1. marking the animal’s ear with ink
3. most commonly used to individually identify farm animals
8. small microchips that are injected into the animal’s body that uses radio frequency
10. Permanent microchip that if not implanted exactly, could cause an esophageal perforation, likely leading to the animal’s death
11. Temporary method that can be washed off commonly used on sheep

2. digital photograph of the animal’s eye
4. method using dry ice at -70ºC, and liquid nitrogen at a temperature of between -170ºC and -197ºC
5. method using caustic chemical products
6. traditional iron branding method for cows, horses, mules, and buffaloes
7. Genetic identification
9. marking using mutilation with simple razors or sharp pincers. It is a painful method that can cause necrosis, parasitic infections, or torn ears