Across
- 1. A long cylindrical reinforced concrete foundation element formed by drilling into firm soil and pouring concrete into the hole.
- 4. A change in the shape of a structure or structural member caused by a load or force acting on the structure.
- 5. The applied load determined by the required load combinations.
- 6. The use of physical laws and mathematics to compute internal forces, stresses, and deformation
- 11. A category used to determine structural requirements based on occupancy of the building.
- 15. A load on a structure caused by movement of the Earth relative to the structure during an earthquake.
- 16. Deformation under stress.
- 18. A force that acts along the longitudinal axis of a structural member
- 19. A condition of a frame or structure in which a slight disturbance in the loads or geometry of the structure does not produce large displacements or failure.
- 22. A horizontal beam that supports other beams
- 23. A support condition in which translation of a structural member is restricted in two directions but rotation is not restricted.
- 26. The area of floor or roof representing the surface area from which an applied uniform load is assumed to transfer to a supporting structural member.
- 27. The weight of the building or building components
- 30. A plot of the shear force in a beam versus the position along the axis of the beam.
- 31. A factor intended to compensate for uncertainties in design and analysis by reducing the theoretical strength of a member for use in design.
- 33. The load carrying capacity of a structural member.
- 34. Pressure from the wind that can cause lateral loads as well as uplift on the roof or downward pressure.
- 36. A beam which is supported such that the number of unknown reaction forces is greater than the number of equilibrium equations.
- 37. The force exerted upon a body due to gravitational attraction to a planet.
- 40. The ability of a structure to maintain its appearance, durability, comfort for occupants, proper function of equipment, and ease of maintenance.
- 44. A single beam that is supported by more than two supports such that it has at least two distinct spans.
- 45. A foundation that transfers building loads into the Earth at the base of a column or bearing wall.
- 47. The state of a body such that the sum of all the external forces acting on the body equals zero and the sum of all external moments acting on the body equals zero.
- 49. The distance between supports for a beam, girder, truss, or other horizontal structural member; to carry a load between supports.
- 50. A force acting generally in a horizontal direction, such as wind, earthquake, and soil pressure against a structure.
- 52. The lowest, widest part of the foundation that distributes the load over a broad area of the soil.
- 53. A long slender piece of material driven or drilled into the ground to act as an element of a foundation.
Down
- 2. The internal force, usually in a beam, which acts in the plane of the cross-section of the beam.
- 3. The width of floor or roof along the length of a beam, measured perpendicular to the beam, representing the portion of surface from which an applied uniform load is assumed to transfer to that beam.
- 7. Forces or other actions that result from the weight of building materials, occupants and their possessions, and environmental effects.
- 8. A single concrete footing that is essentially equal in area to the area of ground covered by the supported structure.
- 9. A beam which is supported such that the number of unknown reaction forces is equal to the number of equilibrium equations.
- 10. A diagram used to isolate a body from its environment, showing all external constraints and forces acting upon it and all geometric measurements necessary to model the body.
- 12. A continuous system of structural elements that transfer an applied load to the supporting soil.
- 13. Force per unit area.
- 14. An agent that causes stress in an object.
- 16. An engineer that is licensed to design the structural systems for a building.
- 17. A beam that is supported on one end by a pin support and supported on the other end by a roller support.
- 20. The stress at which a material begins to deform plastically.
- 21. Nominal strength divided by the safety factor.
- 24. A foundation that transfers building loads into the earth well below the building structure.
- 25. A reinforced concrete beam that transmits the load from a bearing wall into a spaced foundation such as pile caps or caissons.
- 28. An upright structural member acting primarily in compression.
- 29. The lower part of a building, which transfers structural loads from the building to the soil.
- 30. A wide shallow footing usually constructed of reinforced concrete.
- 32. The distance a beam or structure deforms under loading, typically due to bending in a beam.
- 35. A unit of weight equal to 1000 pounds.
- 38. An assembly of structural members joined to form a rigid framework, usually connected to form triangles.
- 39. A support condition in which translation of a structural member is restricted in two perpendicular directions and rotation is restricted.
- 41. A structural member, usually horizontal, that carries a load that is applied transverse to its length.
- 42. A plot of the internal moment in a beam versus position along the axis of the beam.
- 43. A force that is internal to structural elements and is needed to determine the material stress and strain.
- 46. A method of designing structural elements such that the allowable strength is greater than or equal to the strength necessary to support the required load combinations.
- 48. The perpendicular distance from a reference point to the line of action of the force.
- 51. The weight of movable objects such as people, furnishings, machines, vehicles, and goods in or on a building.