Cell Cycle

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Across
  1. 4. a resting stage of the cell cycle in which DNA replication and cell division stop
  2. 5. cycle - composed of mitosis (M) and interphase growth and DNA synthesis phases (G1, S, and G2)
  3. 7. the basic package of chromatin in eukaryotes made up of DNA wound around a core of histone proteins
  4. 9. the stage in cell division in which chromosomes separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell
  5. 10. - the specialized region of a chromosome that holds two replicated chromosomal strands together and that attaches to the spindle in mitosis
  6. 12. a structural change in a gene, a chromosome, or another genetic unit
  7. 13. a point of no return in the cell cycle; once this point passes, a cell is committed to a full round of the cell cycle
  8. 15. a complex of DNA polymerase and other enzymes that catalyzes the synthesis of DNA
  9. 16. structure made up of microtubules and proteins, divides the chromatids during nuclear division
  10. 17. the replicated copies of a chromosome that are joined by a centromere and that separate during nuclear division
  11. 18. during nuclear division, an imaginary plane that is equidistant between the spindle’s two poles
  12. 21. a DNA-repair process where enzymes remove a damaged portion of DNA, synthesize a replacement section in place, and attach it to the neighboring DNA segments
  13. 26. a disklike structure on the centromere; links chromosomes to the mitotic spindle
  14. 27. having a number of chromosomes that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number for that species
  15. 28. a group of proteins whose function is to regulate the progression of a cell through the cell cycle and whose concentrations rise and fall throughout the cell cycle
Down
  1. 1. the second growth phase of the cell cycle beginning after DNA synthesis replication origins
  2. 2. an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a new DNA strand using one of the original strands as a template
  3. 3. causing changes, or mutations, in DNA
  4. 5. - in eukaryotes, the chromosomal material (DNA and associated proteins) as it ordinarily appears in a cell’s nucleus, with individual chromosomes indistinct
  5. 6. the first growth phase of the cell cycle starting just after offspring cells form
  6. 7. the division of a cell’s nucleus, as in mitosis and meiosis
  7. 8. - a group of diseases that involve abnormal growth and division of cells
  8. 11. the stage in mitosis and meiosis in which chromosomes move to the center of the spindle, an array of microtubules, and become attached to it
  9. 14. separation of the sister chromatids during mitosis in which each new nucleus receives one copy of each chromosome
  10. 19. one of two cellular regions at the tips of the mitotic spindle, where the daughter nuclei form during mitosis
  11. 20. the final stage in mitosis, meiosis I, and meiosis II characterized by two new nuclei forming at opposite ends of the cell; frequently followed by cytokinesis (cell division)
  12. 22. the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after nuclear division
  13. 23. synthesis of DNA; the phase of the cell cycle during which DNA, in the form of chromosomes, is duplicated
  14. 24. the process that distributes a copy of each chromosome to each new cell during eukaryotic cell division
  15. 25. arrest - an abrupt halt in the cell cycle when proteins detect mistakes or damage in DNA that needs to be repaired