Cell Cycle

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Across
  1. 1. the stage in cell division in which chromosomes separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell
  2. 5. composed of mitosis (M) and interphase growth and DNA synthesis phases (G1, S, and G2)
  3. 6. causing changes, or mutations, in DNA
  4. 8. a point of no return in the cell cycle; once this point passes, a cell is committed to a full round of the cell cycle
  5. 10. during nuclear division, an imaginary plane that is equidistant between the spindle’s two poles
  6. 13. the specialized region of a chromosome that holds two replicated chromosomal strands together and that attaches to the spindle in mitosis
  7. 14. one of two cellular regions at the tips of the mitotic spindle, where the daughter nuclei form during mitosis
  8. 16. an abrupt halt in the cell cycle when proteins detect mistakes or damage in DNA that needs to be repaired
  9. 17. the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after nuclear division
  10. 18. the basic package of chromatin in eukaryotes made up of DNA wound around a core of histone proteins
  11. 19. an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a new DNA strand using one of the original strands as a template
  12. 21. a resting stage of the cell cycle in which DNA replication and cell division stop
  13. 23. the final stage in mitosis, meiosis I, and meiosis II characterized by two new nuclei forming at opposite ends of the cell; frequently followed by cytokinesis (cell division)
  14. 24. the process that distributes a copy of each chromosome to each new cell during eukaryotic cell division
  15. 25. the division of a cell’s nucleus, as in mitosis and meiosis
  16. 26. a complex of DNA polymerase and other enzymes that catalyzes the synthesis of DNA
  17. 27. structure made up of microtubules and proteins, divides the chromatids during nuclear division
  18. 28. the stage in mitosis and meiosis in which chromosomes move to the center of the spindle, an array of microtubules, and become attached to it
Down
  1. 2. the replicated copies of a chromosome that are joined by a centromere and that separate during nuclear division
  2. 3. the first growth phase of the cell cycle starting just after offspring cells form
  3. 4. in eukaryotes, the chromosomal material (DNA and associated proteins) as it ordinarily appears in a cell’s nucleus, with individual chromosomes indistinct
  4. 5. separation of the sister chromatids during mitosis in which each new nucleus receives one copy of each chromosome
  5. 7. a disklike structure on the centromere; links chromosomes to the mitotic spindle
  6. 9. having a number of chromosomes that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number for that species
  7. 11. synthesis of DNA; the phase of the cell cycle during which DNA, in the form of chromosomes, is duplicated
  8. 12. the second growth phase of the cell cycle beginning after DNA synthesis replication origins
  9. 15. a group of proteins whose function is to regulate the progression of a cell through the cell cycle and whose concentrations rise and fall throughout the cell cycle
  10. 17. a group of diseases that involve abnormal growth and division of cells
  11. 20. a DNA-repair process where enzymes remove a damaged portion of DNA, synthesize a replacement section in place, and attach it to the neighboring DNA segments
  12. 22. a structural change in a gene, a chromosome, or another genetic unit