Cell energy vocabulary

3. A process that does require oxygen to occur.
5. The first step of cellular respiration, where one molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP.
7. A process that does not require oxygen to occur.
9. A series of chemical reactions in the mitochondria that break down pyruvate to release energy, producing ATP, NADH, and FADH₂.
11. The study of energy and how it moves and changes within systems, especially the conversion between heat and other forms of energy.
12. Molecules that absorb certain wavelengths of light and reflect others. In plants, pigments like chlorophyll absorb light energy for photosynthesis.

1. An anaerobic process that allows cells to produce energy (ATP) from glucose without oxygen, often producing lactic acid or alcohol as byproducts.
2. The main energy-carrying molecule in cells. It stores and releases energy needed for cellular processes.
4. The set of chemical reactions in photosynthesis that use carbon dioxide and energy (from ATP and NADPH) to make glucose.
6. The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose (a sugar) and oxygen.
8. The process by which cells break down glucose and other food molecules to produce energy (ATP), usually using oxygen.
10. All the chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to maintain life, including breaking down food for energy and building new cell materials.