Cell structure and Function (Vocab Study Aid)

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Across
  1. 7. A reaction that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells can use to obtain energy from food when oxygen levels are low.
  2. 10. Membrane-surrounded component of an eukaryotic cell with a specialized function.
  3. 14. A stiff structure outside the cell membrane that protects a cell from attack by viruses and other harmful organisms.
  4. 15. The movement of substances through a cell membrane using the cell’s energy.
  5. 16. A series of chemical reactions that convert the energy in food molecules into a usable form of energy called ATP.
  6. 19. The process during which a cell’s vesicles release their contents outside the cell.
  7. 21. The movement of substances through a cell membrane without using the cell’s energy.
  8. 22. The liquid part of a cell inside the cell membrane; contains salts and other molecules.
  9. 24. The movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Down
  1. 1. A long chain of amino acid molecules; contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
  2. 2. A series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into the food-energy molecule glucose and give off oxygen.
  3. 3. A flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside the cell.
  4. 4. Substance that forms from joining many small molecules together.
  5. 5. The process by which molecules pass through a cell membrane using special proteins called transport proteins.
  6. 6. A process by which glucose, a sugar, is broken down into smaller molecules.
  7. 8. A macromolecule that forms when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together.
  8. 9. Part of an eukaryotic cell that directs cell activity and contains genetic information stored in DNA.
  9. 11. The process during which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane.
  10. 12. The theory that states that all living things are made of one or more cells, the cell id the smallest unit of life, and all new cells come from preexisting cells.
  11. 13. A macromolecule made up of one or more sugar molecules, which are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; usually the body’s major source of energy.
  12. 17. The diffusion of water molecules only through a membrane.
  13. 18. A membrane-bound organelle that uses light energy and makes food - a sugar called glucose - from water and carbon dioxide in a process known as photosynthesis.
  14. 20. A network of threadlike proteins joined together that gives a cell its shape and helps it move.
  15. 23. A large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water.