Cells

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Across
  1. 5. a double layer that encloses the cell's nucleus, where the chromosomes reside
  2. 9. cytoplasmic division of a cell which results in separation into two daughter cells
  3. 10. the first stage of cell division, before metaphase, during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears. The first prophase of meiosis includes the reduction division.
  4. 11. a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
  5. 12. the second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers.
  6. 13. a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants it consists mainly of cellulose.
  7. 17. the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.
Down
  1. 1. protein structures that pull apart the genetic material in a cell when the cell divides.
  2. 2. the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA.
  3. 3. a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
  4. 4. a dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material.
  5. 6. period between cell division
  6. 7. the stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.
  7. 8. a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.
  8. 9. each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.
  9. 11. the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane. Microscopic organisms typically consist of a single cell, which is either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.
  10. 13. genetic information bundled into packages of DNA
  11. 14. the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.
  12. 15. an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae).
  13. 16. (in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.