Cells

4. The diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to higher concentration.
5. Synthesize proteins
7. Larger, complex, with nucleus, membrane bound organelles, DNA tightly wrapped around histone proteins in chromosomes, cellulose in plant cell walls.
9. The aqueous component of the cytoplasm where various organelles, proteins, and other substances are suspended.
10. Makes lipids
11. A high-energy molecule that serves as the primary energy currency of the cell, used to power various cellular processes.
12. membrane A phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cell, providing structure and regulating the movement of substances in and out.
17. The membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and regulates gene expression.
18. Protein synthesis and processing
19. The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy, typically along a concentration gradient.
21. A difference in the concentration of a substance across a space, which drives the movement of particles during diffusion and osmosis.
22. A rigid outer layer found in plant cells, fungi, and bacteria that provides support and protection.

1. The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, resulting in even distribution.
2. An organelle containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
3. The movement of molecules across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy input (usually ATP).
6. apparatus An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
8. Organelles found in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.
10. Cells adapted for specific functions in organisms.
13. Organelles that generate ATP through cellular respiration, often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell.
14. Proteins that assist in the movement of substances across a cell membrane, either by facilitating passive transport or active transport.
15. A dense region within the nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and ribosome assembly begins.
16. A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis; includes rough ER (with ribosomes) and smooth ER (without ribosomes).
20. Cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.