Across
- 3. a simple monosaccharide sugar that serves as the main source of energy and as an important metabolic substrate for most living things
- 4. internal material between the cell membrane and nucleus of a cell, mainly consisting of a water-based fluid called cytosol, within which are all the other organelles and cellular solute and suspended materials
- 9. high-energy molecule needed for glycolysis
- 10. difference in the concentration of a substance between two regions
- 12. also called the citric acid cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle, converts pyruvate into CO2 and high-energy FADH2, NADH, and ATP molecules
- 13. an organic compound that is composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups
- 15. coenzyme used to produce NADH
- 16. coenzyme used to produce FADH2
- 17. nucleotide containing ribose and an adenine base that is essential in energy transfer
- 18. a membranous, bean-shaped organelle that is the "energy transformer" of the cell
- 19. high-energy molecule needed for glycolysis
- 21. series of metabolic reactions that breaks down glucose into pyruvate and produces ATP
Down
- 1. production of ATP from glucose oxidation via glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
- 2. binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless, odorless, tasteless liquid
- 5. ATP production pathway in which electrons are passed through a series of oxidation-reduction reactions that forms water and produces a proton gradient
- 6. a four-carbon molecule
- 7. a colorless, tasteless, odorless, gaseous element that abounds in the atmosphere
- 8. a consistuent of biological cells that functions as the agent of acylation in metabolic reactions
- 11. starting molecule of the Krebs cycle
- 14. three-carbon end product of glycolysis and starting material that is converted into acetyl CoA that enters the Krebs cycle
- 20. an ionized hydrogen atom, occurring in plasmas and in aqueous solutions of acids, in which it is solvated by one or more water molecules