Central Dogma- Genotype to Phenotype to Fitness

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Across
  1. 3. RNA molecules that function in transferring amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
  2. 6. What an individual looks or acts like.
  3. 7. The codon that signals where the ribosome begins translation and thus protein synthesis. Usually AUG and also codes for the amino acid methionine (Met).
  4. 9. Molecules that are widely variable in size, shape, and other aspects of structure, but which consist of the same underlying building blocks. Many or most of the structures and molecular machines inside organisms are made of proteins.
  5. 12. The process that creates an RNA molecule from information archived in DNA.
  6. 14. The set of relationships between the 64 possible codons in mRNA and the amino acids that are added to a newly synthesized protein.
  7. 15. A molecule that stores information in code form.
  8. 17. RNA molecules that form part of the ribosome. Ribosomes also contain proteins.
  9. 18. Segments of DNA that contain the information that molecular machines use to make a product—an RNA or protein—that functions in the organism.
Down
  1. 1. Any change in DNA. Mutations create new alleles.
  2. 2. The process that uses the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) to synthesize a protein.
  3. 4. The ability to produce viable offspring.
  4. 5. An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of phosophodiester linkages between ribonucleotides, forming an RNA product that is complementary to the sequences of bases in a DNA template.
  5. 8. A listing of the alleles present in an individual.
  6. 10. A codon that signals where the ribosome ends translation and thus protein synthesis. Usually UAA, UAG, and UGA.
  7. 11. Molecules that are similar to DNA in terms of chemical structure. Different types of RNAs have different functions in organisms, but they do not serve in long-term information storage like DNA.
  8. 13. A group of three bases in an mRNA that codes for an amino acid.
  9. 16. Versions of a gene. For example, if the product of a certain human gene affects hair color, one allele may lead to redder hair while another allele leads to browner hair. Different alleles have different variations of the coded information in the gene.