Ch 1 +2 Vocab

8. the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of a given element
9. a pure substance that cannot be broken down chemically into any other substances; all atoms of an element have the same atomic number
12. A chemical within a cell that binds to an enzyme, altering the enzyme's shape or structure in a way the causes the enzyme to catalyze a reaction
13. an explanatory hypothesis for a natural phenomenon that is exceptionally well supported by empirical data
15. A general, fact-based understanding of the basics of biology and other sciences, the scientific method, and the social, political, and legal implications of scientific information.
16. Observation of one or only a few instances of a phenomenon
17. carbohydrates formed by the union of two simple sugars, such as sucrose and lactose
20. any condition applied to the subjects of a research study that is not applied to subjects in a control group
22. the mass of an atom; the combined mass of the protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom
23. the minimum energy needed to initiate a chemical reaction
24. the strength of a bond between two atoms, defined as the energy required to break the bond
25. the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

1. a small molecule that forms the head region of a triglyceride fat molecule
2. the property of some elements or isotopes of having a nucleus that breaks down spontaneously, releasing tiny, high-speed particles that carry energy
3. repelled by water
4. the amount of matter in a given sample of a substance
5. A tabular display in which all the known chemical elements are arranged in the order of their atomic number and on the basis of other aspects of their atomic structures
6. an electrically neutral particle in the atomic nucleus
7. the part of an enzyme to which reactants bind and undergo a chemical reaction
10. a chemical within a cell that binds to an enzyme's ability to catalyze a reaction
11. attracted to water
14. a negatively charged particle that moves around the atomic nucleus
18. an atom that carries an electrical charge, positive or negative, because it has either lost or gained an electron or electrons from its normal stable configuration
19. a positively charged particle in the atomic nucleus
21. a particle of matter that cannot be further subdivided without losing its essential properties
23. A nitrogen atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms