Ch. 10 and 11 Vocab

5. the boundary between 2 plates that move toward each other
7. numerical rating system that measures the energy, or magnitude, of the largest seismic waves produced by an earthquake
12. Wegener's hypothesis that all continents were once joined together and have since drifted apart
13. vibrations caused by the rupture and sudden movement of rocks along a break or a crack in Earth's crust
14. conversion of soil into a fluid like mass during an earthquake or other seismic event
17. rating scale that measures earthquake intensity based on descriptions of the earthquake's effects on people and structures
18. a curved line of volcanoes that forms parallel to a plate boundary
19. an event that occurs when a large volume of water covers land that is not normally under water
20. a violent, whirling column of air in contact with the ground

1. rating scale that measures the energy released by an earthquake
2. a wave that forms when an ocean disturbance suddenly moves a large volume of water
3. the name of the supercontinent that began to break apart approximately 200 million years ago
4. the boundary between 2 plates that slide past each other
6. an intense tropical storm with winds exceeding 119 km/h
8. a period of below-average precipitation
9. rapid, downhill movement of soil, loose rocks, and boulders
10. the boundary between 2 plates that move away from each other
11. large, rigid pieces of Earth's crust that move with respect to each other
15. a crack or a fracture in Earth's crust through which molten lava flows
16. a vent in Earth's crust through which molten rock flows